[Vision2020] How odd?
Donovan Arnold
donovanarnold@hotmail.com
Sat, 29 Mar 2003 12:49:05 -0800
<html><div style='background-color:'><DIV>
<P>Dale,</P>
<P>You forgot US and British Oil companies!</P>
<P>Donovan Arnold<BR><BR></P></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>>From: "Dale Courtney" <DALE@COURTNEYS.US>
<DIV></DIV>>To: <VISION2020@MOSCOW.COM>
<DIV></DIV>>Subject: [Vision2020] How odd?
<DIV></DIV>>Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:44:13 -0800
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>Facts on Who Benefits From Keeping Saddam Hussein In Power
<DIV></DIV>>by The Heritage Foundation
<DIV></DIV>>WebMemo #217
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> <?xml:namespace prefix = javascript /><javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0',' send.cfm?); SendtoFriend press>
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<DIV></DIV>>http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/wm217.cfm
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<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>France
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* According to the CIA World Factbook, France controls over 22.5
<DIV></DIV>>percent of Iraq's imports.
<DIV></DIV>> [1] French
<DIV></DIV>>total trade with Iraq under the oil-for-food program is the third largest,
<DIV></DIV>>totaling $3.1 billion since 1996, according to the United Nations.
<DIV></DIV>> [2] In 2001
<DIV></DIV>>France became Iraq's largest European trading partner.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Roughly 60 French companies do an estimated $1.5 billion in trade
<DIV></DIV>>with Baghdad annually under the U.N. oil-for-food program.
<DIV></DIV>> [3]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* France's largest oil company, Total Fina Elf, has negotiated a deal
<DIV></DIV>>to develop the Majnoon field in western Iraq. The Majnoon field purportedly
<DIV></DIV>>contains up to 30 billion barrels of oil.
<DIV></DIV>> [4]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Total Fina Elf also negotiated a deal for future oil exploration in
<DIV></DIV>>Iraq's Nahr Umar field. Both the Majnoon and Nahr Umar fields are estimated
<DIV></DIV>>to contain as much as 25 percent of the country's reserves.
<DIV></DIV>> [5]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* France's Alcatel company, a major telecom firm, is negotiating a $76
<DIV></DIV>>million contract to rehabilitate Iraq's telephone system.
<DIV></DIV>> [6]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* From 1981 to 2001, according to the Stockholm International Peace
<DIV></DIV>>Research Institute (SIPRI), France was responsible for over 13 percent of
<DIV></DIV>>Iraq's arms imports.
<DIV></DIV>> [7]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>Germany
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Direct trade between Germany and Iraq amounts to about $350 million
<DIV></DIV>>annually, and another $1 billion is reportedly sold through third parties.
<DIV></DIV>> [8]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* It has recently been reported that Saddam Hussein has ordered Iraqi
<DIV></DIV>>domestic businesses to show preference to German companies as a reward for
<DIV></DIV>>Germany's "firm positive stand in rejecting the launching of a military
<DIV></DIV>>attack against Iraq." It was also reported that over 101 German companies
<DIV></DIV>>were present at the Baghdad Annual exposition.
<DIV></DIV>> [9]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* During the 35th Annual Baghdad International Fair in November 2002,
<DIV></DIV>>a German company signed a contract for $80 million for 5,000 cars and spare
<DIV></DIV>>parts. [10]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* In 2002, DaimlerChrysler was awarded over $13 million in contracts
<DIV></DIV>>for German trucks and spare parts.
<DIV></DIV>> [11]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* German officials are investigating a German corporation accused of
<DIV></DIV>>illegally channeling weapons to Iraq via Jordan. The equipment in question
<DIV></DIV>>is used for boring the barrels of large cannons and is allegedly intended
<DIV></DIV>>for Saddam Hussein's Al Fao Supercannon project.
<DIV></DIV>> [12]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>Russia
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* According to the CIA World Factbook, Russia controls roughly 5.8
<DIV></DIV>>percent of Iraq's annual imports.
<DIV></DIV>> [13] Under
<DIV></DIV>>the U.N. oil-for-food program, Russia's total trade with Iraq was somewhere
<DIV></DIV>>between $530 million and $1 billion for the six months ending in December of
<DIV></DIV>>2001. [14]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* According to the Russian Ambassador to Iraq, Vladimir Titorenko, new
<DIV></DIV>>contracts worth another $200 million under the U.N. oil-for-food program are
<DIV></DIV>>to be signed over the next three months.
<DIV></DIV>> [15]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Soviet-era debt of $7 billion through $8 billion was generated by
<DIV></DIV>>arms sales to Iraq during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Russia's LUKoil negotiated a $4 billion, 23-year contract in 1997 to
<DIV></DIV>>rehabilitate the 15 billion-barrel West Qurna field in southern Iraq. Work
<DIV></DIV>>on the oil field was expected to commence upon cancellation of U.N.
<DIV></DIV>>sanctions on Iraq. The deal is currently on hold.
<DIV></DIV>> [16]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* In October 2001, Salvneft, a Russian-Belarus company, negotiated a
<DIV></DIV>>$52 million service contract to drill at the Tuba field in Southern Iraq.
<DIV></DIV>> [17]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* In April 2001, Russia's Zaruezhneft company received a service
<DIV></DIV>>contract to drill in the Saddam, Kirkuk, and Bai Hassan fields to
<DIV></DIV>>rehabilitate the fields and reduce water incursion.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* A future $40 billion Iraqi-Russian economic agreement, reportedly
<DIV></DIV>>signed in 2002, would allow for extensive oil exploration opportunities
<DIV></DIV>>throughout western Iraq.
<DIV></DIV>> [18] The
<DIV></DIV>>proposal calls for 67 new projects, over a 10-year time frame, to explore
<DIV></DIV>>and further develop fields in southern Iraq and the Western Desert,
<DIV></DIV>>including the Suba, Luhais, West Qurna, and Rumaila projects. Additional
<DIV></DIV>>projects added to the deal include second-phase construction of a pipeline
<DIV></DIV>>running from southern to northern Iraq, and extensive drilling and gas
<DIV></DIV>>projects. Work on these projects would commence upon cancellation of
<DIV></DIV>>sanctions.
<DIV></DIV>>[19]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* Russia's Gazprom company over the past few years has signed
<DIV></DIV>>contracts worth $18 million to repair gas stations in Iraq.
<DIV></DIV>> [20]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* The former Soviet Union was the premier supplier of Iraqi arms. From
<DIV></DIV>>1981 to 2001, Russia supplied Iraq with 50 percent of its arms.
<DIV></DIV>> [21]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>China
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* According to the CIA World Factbook, China controls roughly 5.8
<DIV></DIV>>percent of Iraq's annual imports.
<DIV></DIV>> [22]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* China National Oil Company, partnered with China North Industries
<DIV></DIV>>Corp., negotiated a 22-year-long deal for future oil exploration in the Al
<DIV></DIV>>Ahdab field in southern Iraq.
<DIV></DIV>> [23]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* In recent years, the Chinese Aero-Technology Import-Export Company
<DIV></DIV>>(CATIC) has been contracted to sell "meteorological satellite" and "surface
<DIV></DIV>>observation" equipment to Iraq. This contract was approved by the U.N.
<DIV></DIV>>oil-for-food program.
<DIV></DIV>> [24]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* CATIC also won approval from the U.N. in July 2000 to sell $2
<DIV></DIV>>million worth of fiber optic cables. This and similar contracts approved
<DIV></DIV>>were disguised as telecommunications gear. These cables can be used for
<DIV></DIV>>secure data and communications links between national command and control
<DIV></DIV>>centers and long-range search radar, targeting radar, and missile-launch
<DIV></DIV>>units, according to U.S. officials. In addition, China National Electric
<DIV></DIV>>Wire & Cable and China National Technical Import Telecommunications
<DIV></DIV>>Equipment Company are believed to have sold Iraq $6 million and $15.5
<DIV></DIV>>million worth of communications equipment and other unspecified supplies,
<DIV></DIV>>respectively.
<DIV></DIV>>[25]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>* According to a report from SIPRI, from 1981 to 2001, China was the
<DIV></DIV>>second largest supplier of weapons and arms to Iraq, supplying over 18
<DIV></DIV>>percent of Iraq's weapons imports.
<DIV></DIV>> [26]
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> _____
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [1]Central
<DIV></DIV>>Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at
<DIV></DIV>>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [2]Jon
<DIV></DIV>>Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi Triangle", The Arizona
<DIV></DIV>>Republic, February 23, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [3]Jon
<DIV></DIV>>Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi Triangle," The Arizona
<DIV></DIV>>Republic, February 23, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [4]Kenneth
<DIV></DIV>>Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit
<DIV></DIV>>Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [5]Kenneth
<DIV></DIV>>Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit
<DIV></DIV>>Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [6]Evelyn
<DIV></DIV>>Iritani, "Hussein's Government Signs Lucrative Contracts, Especially with
<DIV></DIV>>Nations that Oppose the U.S. Led Effort to Oust the Regime," The Los Angeles
<DIV></DIV>>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, November 11, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[7]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
<DIV></DIV>>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at
<DIV></DIV>>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [8]David
<DIV></DIV>>R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The Washington
<DIV></DIV>>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [9]David
<DIV></DIV>>R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The Washington
<DIV></DIV>>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[10]"Africa Analysis-Trade Points Way to Peace", The Financial
<DIV></DIV>>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica: Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, November 19, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [11]Faye
<DIV></DIV>>Bowers, "Driving Forces in War-Wary Nations: The Stances of France, Germany,
<DIV></DIV>>Russia and China Are Colored by Economic and National Interests," Christian
<DIV></DIV>>Science Monitor, February 25, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[12]"Helping Saddam Rearm," The Wall Street Journal, October 11, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[13]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at
<DIV></DIV>>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[14]Testimony provided by Ariel Cohen to the House International Relations
<DIV></DIV>>Committee, "Russia and the Axis of Evil: Money, Ambition and U.S.
<DIV></DIV>>Interests," February 26, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [15]Nelli
<DIV></DIV>>Sharushkina, "Russia Plays the Field in Iraq-Mixed Signals Worry Baghdad,"
<DIV></DIV>>Energy Intelligence Briefing, February 5, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [16]Dan
<DIV></DIV>>Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue," The
<DIV></DIV>>Washington Post, September 15, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [17]Dan
<DIV></DIV>>Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue," The
<DIV></DIV>>Washington Post, September 15, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [18]Scott
<DIV></DIV>>Peterson, "Russia's Newest Tie to Iraq: Moscow Is Set to Sign a $40 billion
<DIV></DIV>>Economic Pact with Baghdad Next Month," Christian Science Monitor, August
<DIV></DIV>>20, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[19]"Mideast Tensions to Delay Iraq Iraqi-Russian Signing," Energy Compass,
<DIV></DIV>>April 19, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[20]Dmitry Zhdannikov, "Russian's Grim About Working Under Saddam," The
<DIV></DIV>>Houston Chronicle, April 14, 2002.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[21]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
<DIV></DIV>>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at
<DIV></DIV>>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[22]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at
<DIV></DIV>>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> [23]Trish
<DIV></DIV>>Saywell, "Oil: The Danger of Deals with Iraq," Far Eastern Economic Review,
<DIV></DIV>>March 6, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[24]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to Saddam," Insight on the
<DIV></DIV>>News, March 4, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[25]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to Saddam," Insight on the
<DIV></DIV>>News, March 4, 2003.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>[26]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
<DIV></DIV>>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at
<DIV></DIV>>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.
<DIV></DIV>>
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