[Vision2020] How odd?

Dale Courtney dale@courtneys.us
Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:50:25 -0800


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I didn't forget; neither did the Heritage Foundation. That wasn't the
purpose of the article.=20
=20
However, if you are interested, you can find the latest monthly company
breakdowns for the USA's oil and petrol imports over at:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_le=
vel
_imports/current/data/import.xls
=20
Do the numbers (or cheat and go to
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_le=
vel
_imports/current/import.html). There you will find who is really =
dependent
on Iraqi oil imports and trade.=20
=20
I'll let you in on a secret: it's not the USA.=20
=20
Best,
Dale

-----Original Message-----
From: vision2020-admin@moscow.com [mailto:vision2020-admin@moscow.com] =
On
Behalf Of Donovan Arnold
Sent: Saturday, 29 March, 2003 12:49
To: dale@courtneys.us; vision2020@moscow.com
Subject: Re: [Vision2020] How odd?



Dale,

You forgot US and British Oil companies!

Donovan Arnold



>From: "Dale Courtney"=20
>To:=20
>Subject: [Vision2020] How odd?=20
>Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:44:13 -0800=20
>=20
>=20
>Facts on Who Benefits From Keeping Saddam Hussein In Power=20
>by The Heritage Foundation=20
>WebMemo #217=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/wm217.cfm=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>France=20
>=20
>=20
>* According to the CIA World Factbook, France controls over 22.5=20
>percent of Iraq's imports.=20
> [1] French=20
>total trade with Iraq under the oil-for-food program is the third =
largest,=20
>totaling $3.1 billion since 1996, according to the United Nations.=20
> [2] In 2001=20
>France became Iraq's largest European trading partner.=20
>=20
>* Roughly 60 French companies do an estimated $1.5 billion in trade=20
>with Baghdad annually under the U.N. oil-for-food program.=20
> [3]=20
>=20
>* France's largest oil company, Total Fina Elf, has negotiated a deal=20
>to develop the Majnoon field in western Iraq. The Majnoon field =
purportedly

>contains up to 30 billion barrels of oil.=20
> [4]=20
>=20
>* Total Fina Elf also negotiated a deal for future oil exploration in=20
>Iraq's Nahr Umar field. Both the Majnoon and Nahr Umar fields are =
estimated

>to contain as much as 25 percent of the country's reserves.=20
> [5]=20
>=20
>* France's Alcatel company, a major telecom firm, is negotiating a $76=20
>million contract to rehabilitate Iraq's telephone system.=20
> [6]=20
>=20
>* From 1981 to 2001, according to the Stockholm International Peace=20
>Research Institute (SIPRI), France was responsible for over 13 percent =
of=20
>Iraq's arms imports.=20
> [7]=20
>=20
>=20
>Germany=20
>=20
>=20
>* Direct trade between Germany and Iraq amounts to about $350 million=20
>annually, and another $1 billion is reportedly sold through third =
parties.=20
> [8]=20
>=20
>* It has recently been reported that Saddam Hussein has ordered Iraqi=20
>domestic businesses to show preference to German companies as a reward =
for=20
>Germany's "firm positive stand in rejecting the launching of a military =

>attack against Iraq." It was also reported that over 101 German =
companies=20
>were present at the Baghdad Annual exposition.=20
> [9]=20
>=20
>* During the 35th Annual Baghdad International Fair in November 2002,=20
>a German company signed a contract for $80 million for 5,000 cars and =
spare

>parts. [10]=20
>=20
>* In 2002, DaimlerChrysler was awarded over $13 million in contracts=20
>for German trucks and spare parts.=20
> [11]=20
>=20
>* German officials are investigating a German corporation accused of=20
>illegally channeling weapons to Iraq via Jordan. The equipment in =
question=20
>is used for boring the barrels of large cannons and is allegedly =
intended=20
>for Saddam Hussein's Al Fao Supercannon project.=20
> [12]=20
>=20
>=20
>Russia=20
>=20
>=20
>* According to the CIA World Factbook, Russia controls roughly 5.8=20
>percent of Iraq's annual imports.=20
> [13] Under=20
>the U.N. oil-for-food program, Russia's total trade with Iraq was =
somewhere

>between $530 million and $1 billion for the six months ending in =
December
of=20
>2001. [14]=20
>=20
>* According to the Russian Ambassador to Iraq, Vladimir Titorenko, new=20
>contracts worth another $200 million under the U.N. oil-for-food =
program
are=20
>to be signed over the next three months.=20
> [15]=20
>=20
>* Soviet-era debt of $7 billion through $8 billion was generated by=20
>arms sales to Iraq during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war.=20
>=20
>* Russia's LUKoil negotiated a $4 billion, 23-year contract in 1997 to=20
>rehabilitate the 15 billion-barrel West Qurna field in southern Iraq. =
Work=20
>on the oil field was expected to commence upon cancellation of U.N.=20
>sanctions on Iraq. The deal is currently on hold.=20
> [16]=20
>=20
>* In October 2001, Salvneft, a Russian-Belarus company, negotiated a=20
>$52 million service contract to drill at the Tuba field in Southern =
Iraq.=20
> [17]=20
>=20
>* In April 2001, Russia's Zaruezhneft company received a service=20
>contract to drill in the Saddam, Kirkuk, and Bai Hassan fields to=20
>rehabilitate the fields and reduce water incursion.=20
>=20
>* A future $40 billion Iraqi-Russian economic agreement, reportedly=20
>signed in 2002, would allow for extensive oil exploration opportunities =

>throughout western Iraq.=20
> [18] The=20
>proposal calls for 67 new projects, over a 10-year time frame, to =
explore=20
>and further develop fields in southern Iraq and the Western Desert,=20
>including the Suba, Luhais, West Qurna, and Rumaila projects. =
Additional=20
>projects added to the deal include second-phase construction of a =
pipeline=20
>running from southern to northern Iraq, and extensive drilling and gas=20
>projects. Work on these projects would commence upon cancellation of=20
>sanctions.=20
>[19]=20
>=20
>* Russia's Gazprom company over the past few years has signed=20
>contracts worth $18 million to repair gas stations in Iraq.=20
> [20]=20
>=20
>* The former Soviet Union was the premier supplier of Iraqi arms. From=20
>1981 to 2001, Russia supplied Iraq with 50 percent of its arms.=20
> [21]=20
>=20
>=20
>China=20
>=20
>=20
>* According to the CIA World Factbook, China controls roughly 5.8=20
>percent of Iraq's annual imports.=20
> [22]=20
>=20
>* China National Oil Company, partnered with China North Industries=20
>Corp., negotiated a 22-year-long deal for future oil exploration in the =
Al=20
>Ahdab field in southern Iraq.=20
> [23]=20
>=20
>* In recent years, the Chinese Aero-Technology Import-Export Company=20
>(CATIC) has been contracted to sell "meteorological satellite" and =
"surface

>observation" equipment to Iraq. This contract was approved by the U.N.=20
>oil-for-food program.=20
> [24]=20
>=20
>* CATIC also won approval from the U.N. in July 2000 to sell $2=20
>million worth of fiber optic cables. This and similar contracts =
approved=20
>were disguised as telecommunications gear. These cables can be used for =

>secure data and communications links between national command and =
control=20
>centers and long-range search radar, targeting radar, and =
missile-launch=20
>units, according to U.S. officials. In addition, China National =
Electric=20
>Wire & Cable and China National Technical Import Telecommunications=20
>Equipment Company are believed to have sold Iraq $6 million and $15.5=20
>million worth of communications equipment and other unspecified =
supplies,=20
>respectively.=20
>[25]=20
>=20
>* According to a report from SIPRI, from 1981 to 2001, China was the=20
>second largest supplier of weapons and arms to Iraq, supplying over 18=20
>percent of Iraq's weapons imports.=20
> [26]=20
>=20
>=20
> _____=20
>=20
> [1]Central=20
>Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at=20
>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
>=20
> [2]Jon=20
>Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi Triangle", The Arizona=20
>Republic, February 23, 2003.=20
>=20
> [3]Jon=20
>Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi Triangle," The Arizona=20
>Republic, February 23, 2003.=20
>=20
> [4]Kenneth=20
>Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International Sanctions, and =
Illicit=20
>Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2002.=20
>=20
> [5]Kenneth=20
>Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International Sanctions, and =
Illicit=20
>Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2002.=20
>=20
> [6]Evelyn=20
>Iritani, "Hussein's Government Signs Lucrative Contracts, Especially =
with=20
>Nations that Oppose the U.S. Led Effort to Oust the Regime," The Los
Angeles=20
>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, November 11, 2002.=20
>=20
>=20
>[7]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute=20
>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.=20
>=20
> [8]David=20
>R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The Washington=20
>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.=20
>=20
> [9]David=20
>R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The Washington=20
>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.=20
>=20
>=20
>[10]"Africa Analysis-Trade Points Way to Peace", The Financial=20
>Verdana,Arial,Helvetica: Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, November 19, =
2002.=20
>=20
> [11]Faye=20
>Bowers, "Driving Forces in War-Wary Nations: The Stances of France,
Germany,=20
>Russia and China Are Colored by Economic and National Interests," =
Christian

>Science Monitor, February 25, 2003.=20
>=20
>=20
>[12]"Helping Saddam Rearm," The Wall Street Journal, October 11, 2002.=20
>=20
>=20
>[13]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at=20
>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
>=20
>=20
>[14]Testimony provided by Ariel Cohen to the House International =
Relations=20
>Committee, "Russia and the Axis of Evil: Money, Ambition and U.S.=20
>Interests," February 26, 2003.=20
>=20
> [15]Nelli=20
>Sharushkina, "Russia Plays the Field in Iraq-Mixed Signals Worry =
Baghdad,"=20
>Energy Intelligence Briefing, February 5, 2003.=20
>=20
> [16]Dan=20
>Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue," =
The

>Washington Post, September 15, 2002.=20
>=20
> [17]Dan=20
>Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue," =
The

>Washington Post, September 15, 2002.=20
>=20
> [18]Scott=20
>Peterson, "Russia's Newest Tie to Iraq: Moscow Is Set to Sign a $40 =
billion

>Economic Pact with Baghdad Next Month," Christian Science Monitor, =
August=20
>20, 2002.=20
>=20
>=20
>[19]"Mideast Tensions to Delay Iraq Iraqi-Russian Signing," Energy =
Compass,

>April 19, 2002.=20
>=20
>=20
>[20]Dmitry Zhdannikov, "Russian's Grim About Working Under Saddam," The =

>Houston Chronicle, April 14, 2002.=20
>=20
>=20
>[21]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute=20
>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.=20
>=20
>=20
>[22]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at=20
>http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
>=20
> [23]Trish=20
>Saywell, "Oil: The Danger of Deals with Iraq," Far Eastern Economic =
Review,

>March 6, 2003.=20
>=20
>=20
>[24]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to Saddam," Insight on =
the=20
>News, March 4, 2003.=20
>=20
>=20
>[25]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to Saddam," Insight on =
the=20
>News, March 4, 2003.=20
>=20
>=20
>[26]Information from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute=20
>(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
>http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.pdf.=20
>=20

  _____ =20

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<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
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<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I=20
didn't forget; neither did the Heritage Foundation. That wasn't the =
purpose of=20
the article. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>However, if you are interested, you can&nbsp;find the latest =
monthly=20
company breakdowns for the USA's oil and petrol imports over at: <A=20
href=3D"http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/co=
mpany_level_imports/current/data/import.xls">http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/o=
il_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/data/imp=
ort.xls</A></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Do the=20
numbers (or cheat and go to <A=20
href=3D"http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/co=
mpany_level_imports/current/import.html">http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_g=
as/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/import.html<=
/A>).=20
There you will find who is <U>really</U></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2><FONT color=3D#0000ff> dependent on Iraqi oil imports and =
trade.=20
</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff>I'll let you in on a secret: it's not the USA.=20
</SPAN></DIV></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Best,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D839084601-30032003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Dale</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
align=3Dleft><FONT=20
  face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
  vision2020-admin@moscow.com [mailto:vision2020-admin@moscow.com] <B>On =
Behalf=20
  Of </B>Donovan Arnold<BR><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, 29 March, 2003=20
  12:49<BR><B>To:</B> dale@courtneys.us;=20
  vision2020@moscow.com<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Vision2020] How=20
  odd?<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P>Dale,</P>
  <P>You forgot US and British Oil companies!</P>
  <P>Donovan Arnold<BR><BR></P></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;From: "Dale Courtney" <DALE@COURTNEYS.US>
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;To: <VISION2020@MOSCOW.COM>
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Subject: [Vision2020] How odd?=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:44:13 -0800=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Facts on Who Benefits From Keeping Saddam Hussein In =
Power=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;by The Heritage Foundation=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;WebMemo #217=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; <javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0',' press =
SendtoFriend=20
  send.cfm?);>
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:popSTF();>=20
  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,ind=
ex.cfm,3');>=20

  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,ind=
ex.cfm,3');>=20

  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,ind=
ex.cfm,3');>=20

  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,ind=
ex.cfm,3');>=20

  <DIV></DIV>&gt;http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/wm217.cfm=20
  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;<javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,ind=
ex.cfm,3');>=20

  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;France=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* According to the CIA World Factbook, France controls =
over=20
  22.5=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;percent of Iraq's imports.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [1] French=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;total trade with Iraq under the oil-for-food program is =
the=20
  third largest,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;totaling $3.1 billion since 1996, according to the =
United=20
  Nations.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [2] In 2001=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;France became Iraq's largest European trading partner.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Roughly 60 French companies do an estimated $1.5 =
billion in=20
  trade=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;with Baghdad annually under the U.N. oil-for-food =
program.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [3]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* France's largest oil company, Total Fina Elf, has =
negotiated=20
  a deal=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;to develop the Majnoon field in western Iraq. The =
Majnoon field=20
  purportedly=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;contains up to 30 billion barrels of oil.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [4]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Total Fina Elf also negotiated a deal for future oil=20
  exploration in=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Iraq's Nahr Umar field. Both the Majnoon and Nahr Umar =
fields=20
  are estimated=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;to contain as much as 25 percent of the country's =
reserves.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [5]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* France's Alcatel company, a major telecom firm, is=20
  negotiating a $76=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;million contract to rehabilitate Iraq's telephone =
system.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [6]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* From 1981 to 2001, according to the Stockholm =
International=20
  Peace=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Research Institute (SIPRI), France was responsible for =
over 13=20
  percent of=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Iraq's arms imports.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [7]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Germany=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Direct trade between Germany and Iraq amounts to =
about $350=20
  million=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;annually, and another $1 billion is reportedly sold =
through=20
  third parties.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [8]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* It has recently been reported that Saddam Hussein has =
ordered=20
  Iraqi=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;domestic businesses to show preference to German =
companies as a=20
  reward for=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Germany's "firm positive stand in rejecting the =
launching of a=20
  military=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;attack against Iraq." It was also reported that over =
101 German=20
  companies=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;were present at the Baghdad Annual exposition.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [9]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* During the 35th Annual Baghdad International Fair in =
November=20
  2002,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;a German company signed a contract for $80 million for =
5,000=20
  cars and spare=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;parts. [10]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* In 2002, DaimlerChrysler was awarded over $13 million =
in=20
  contracts=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;for German trucks and spare parts.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [11]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* German officials are investigating a German =
corporation=20
  accused of=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;illegally channeling weapons to Iraq via Jordan. The =
equipment=20
  in question=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;is used for boring the barrels of large cannons and is=20
  allegedly intended=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;for Saddam Hussein's Al Fao Supercannon project.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [12]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Russia=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* According to the CIA World Factbook, Russia controls =
roughly=20
  5.8=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;percent of Iraq's annual imports.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [13] Under=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;the U.N. oil-for-food program, Russia's total trade =
with Iraq=20
  was somewhere=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;between $530 million and $1 billion for the six months =
ending=20
  in December of=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;2001. [14]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* According to the Russian Ambassador to Iraq, Vladimir =

  Titorenko, new=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;contracts worth another $200 million under the U.N.=20
  oil-for-food program are=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;to be signed over the next three months.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [15]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Soviet-era debt of $7 billion through $8 billion was=20
  generated by=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;arms sales to Iraq during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Russia's LUKoil negotiated a $4 billion, 23-year =
contract in=20
  1997 to=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;rehabilitate the 15 billion-barrel West Qurna field in =
southern=20
  Iraq. Work=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;on the oil field was expected to commence upon =
cancellation of=20
  U.N.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;sanctions on Iraq. The deal is currently on hold.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [16]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* In October 2001, Salvneft, a Russian-Belarus company, =

  negotiated a=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;$52 million service contract to drill at the Tuba field =
in=20
  Southern Iraq.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [17]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* In April 2001, Russia's Zaruezhneft company received =
a=20
  service=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;contract to drill in the Saddam, Kirkuk, and Bai Hassan =
fields=20
  to=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;rehabilitate the fields and reduce water incursion.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* A future $40 billion Iraqi-Russian economic =
agreement,=20
  reportedly=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;signed in 2002, would allow for extensive oil =
exploration=20
  opportunities=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;throughout western Iraq.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [18] The=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;proposal calls for 67 new projects, over a 10-year time =
frame,=20
  to explore=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;and further develop fields in southern Iraq and the =
Western=20
  Desert,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;including the Suba, Luhais, West Qurna, and Rumaila =
projects.=20
  Additional=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;projects added to the deal include second-phase =
construction of=20
  a pipeline=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;running from southern to northern Iraq, and extensive =
drilling=20
  and gas=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;projects. Work on these projects would commence upon=20
  cancellation of=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;sanctions.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[19]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* Russia's Gazprom company over the past few years has =
signed=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;contracts worth $18 million to repair gas stations in =
Iraq.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [20]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* The former Soviet Union was the premier supplier of =
Iraqi=20
  arms. From=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;1981 to 2001, Russia supplied Iraq with 50 percent of =
its arms.=20

  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [21]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;China=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* According to the CIA World Factbook, China controls =
roughly=20
  5.8=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;percent of Iraq's annual imports.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [22]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* China National Oil Company, partnered with China =
North=20
  Industries=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Corp., negotiated a 22-year-long deal for future oil=20
  exploration in the Al=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Ahdab field in southern Iraq.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [23]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* In recent years, the Chinese Aero-Technology =
Import-Export=20
  Company=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;(CATIC) has been contracted to sell "meteorological =
satellite"=20
  and "surface=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;observation" equipment to Iraq. This contract was =
approved by=20
  the U.N.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;oil-for-food program.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [24]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* CATIC also won approval from the U.N. in July 2000 to =
sell $2=20

  <DIV></DIV>&gt;million worth of fiber optic cables. This and similar =
contracts=20
  approved=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;were disguised as telecommunications gear. These cables =
can be=20
  used for=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;secure data and communications links between national =
command=20
  and control=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;centers and long-range search radar, targeting radar, =
and=20
  missile-launch=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;units, according to U.S. officials. In addition, China =
National=20
  Electric=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Wire &amp; Cable and China National Technical Import=20
  Telecommunications=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Equipment Company are believed to have sold Iraq $6 =
million and=20
  $15.5=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;million worth of communications equipment and other =
unspecified=20
  supplies,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;respectively.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[25]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;* According to a report from SIPRI, from 1981 to 2001, =
China=20
  was the=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;second largest supplier of weapons and arms to Iraq, =
supplying=20
  over 18=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;percent of Iraq's weapons imports.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [26]=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; _____=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [1]Central=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2002, at=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [2]Jon=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi =
Triangle", The=20
  Arizona=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Republic, February 23, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [3]Jon=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Talton, "French Ideals and Profits in the Iraqi =
Triangle," The=20
  Arizona=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Republic, February 23, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [4]Kenneth=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International =
Sanctions,=20
  and Illicit=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, =
2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [5]Kenneth=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Katzman, Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, International =
Sanctions,=20
  and Illicit=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Trade, Congressional Research Service, September 26, =
2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [6]Evelyn=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Iritani, "Hussein's Government Signs Lucrative =
Contracts,=20
  Especially with=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Nations that Oppose the U.S. Led Effort to Oust the =
Regime,"=20
  The Los Angeles=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, November 11, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[7]Information from Stockholm International Peace =
Research=20
  Institute=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.p=
df.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [8]David=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The =
Washington=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [9]David=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;R. Sands, "France, Germany Protect Iraq Ties," The =
Washington=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Verdana,Arial,Helvetica, February 20, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[10]"Africa Analysis-Trade Points Way to Peace", The =
Financial=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Verdana,Arial,Helvetica: Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, =

  November 19, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [11]Faye=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Bowers, "Driving Forces in War-Wary Nations: The =
Stances of=20
  France, Germany,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Russia and China Are Colored by Economic and National=20
  Interests," Christian=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Science Monitor, February 25, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[12]"Helping Saddam Rearm," The Wall Street Journal, =
October=20
  11, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[13]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook =
2002, at=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[14]Testimony provided by Ariel Cohen to the House=20
  International Relations=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Committee, "Russia and the Axis of Evil: Money, =
Ambition and=20
  U.S.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Interests," February 26, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [15]Nelli=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Sharushkina, "Russia Plays the Field in Iraq-Mixed =
Signals=20
  Worry Baghdad,"=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Energy Intelligence Briefing, February 5, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [16]Dan=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, =
Oil Is Key=20
  Issue," The=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Washington Post, September 15, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [17]Dan=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Morgan and David B. Ottaway, "In Iraqi War Scenario, =
Oil Is Key=20
  Issue," The=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Washington Post, September 15, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [18]Scott=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Peterson, "Russia's Newest Tie to Iraq: Moscow Is Set =
to Sign a=20
  $40 billion=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Economic Pact with Baghdad Next Month," Christian =
Science=20
  Monitor, August=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;20, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[19]"Mideast Tensions to Delay Iraq Iraqi-Russian =
Signing,"=20
  Energy Compass,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;April 19, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[20]Dmitry Zhdannikov, "Russian's Grim About Working =
Under=20
  Saddam," The=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Houston Chronicle, April 14, 2002.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[21]Information from Stockholm International Peace =
Research=20
  Institute=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.p=
df.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[22]Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook =
2002, at=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt; [23]Trish=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;Saywell, "Oil: The Danger of Deals with Iraq," Far =
Eastern=20
  Economic Review,=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;March 6, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[24]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to =
Saddam,"=20
  Insight on the=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;News, March 4, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[25]Kenneth R. Timmerman, "Rogues Lending Hand to =
Saddam,"=20
  Insight on the=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;News, March 4, 2003.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;[26]Information from Stockholm International Peace =
Research=20
  Institute=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;(SIPRI), "Arms Transfers to Iraq, 1981-2001," at=20
  =
<DIV></DIV>&gt;http://projects.sipri.se/armstrade/IRQ_IMPORTS_1982-2001.p=
df.=20
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;=20
  =
<DIV></DIV></javascript:HandleLink('cpe_1031_0','CP___PAGEID=3D851,index.=
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