[Vision2020] War Dog

Fri May 6 08:15:44 PDT 2011

Courtesy of the magazine "Foreign Policy" at:

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/05/04/war_dog?page=full

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War Dog

There's a reason they brought one to get Osama bin Laden

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Dogs have been fighting alongside U.S. soldiers for more than 100 years,
seeing combat in the Civil War and World War I. But their service was
informal; only in 1942 were canines officially inducted into the U.S. Army.
Today, they're a central part of U.S. efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan -- as
of early 2010 the U.S. Army had 2,800 active-duty dogs deployed (the largest
canine contingent in the world). And these numbers will continue to grow as
these dogs become an ever-more-vital military asset.

So it should come as no surprise that among the 79 commandos involved in
Operation Neptune Spear that resulted in Osama bin Laden's killing, there
was one dog -- the elite of the four-legged variety. And though the dog in
question remains an enigma -- another mysterious detail of the
still-unfolding narrative of that historic mission -- there should be little
reason to speculate about why there was a dog involved: Man's best friend is
a pretty fearsome warrior. 

Above, a U.S. soldier with the 10th Special Forces Group and his dog leap
off the ramp of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter during water training over the
Gulf of Mexico as part of exercise Emerald Warrior on March 1.

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Daredevil dogs: The question of how the dog got into bin Laden's compound is
no puzzle -- the same way the special ops team did, by being lowered from an
MH-60s helicopter. In fact, U.S. Air Force dogs have been airborne for
decades, though the earliest flying dogs accompanied Soviet forces in the
1930s. 

Dogs usually jump in tandem with their trainers, but when properly outfitted
with flotation vests they can make short jumps into water on their own. A
U.S. Navy SEAL, Mike Forsythe, and his dog, Cara -- pictured above --
recently broke the world record for "highest man/dog parachute deployment"
by jumping from 30,100 feet. 

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The scent of war: According to Mike Dowling, a former Marine Corps dog
handler who served in Iraq, there's a simple explanation for why the Navy
SEALs took a dog along on the Osama raid: "A dog's brain is dominated by
olfactory senses." In fact, Dowling says, a dog can have up to 225 million
olfactory receptors in their nose -- the part of their brain devoted to
scent is 40 times greater than that of a human. 

"When you're going on a mission," Dowling says, "a raid or a patrol,
insurgents are sneaky -- they like to hide stuff from you. But a dog can
smell them. .... [Think about] Saddam Hussein ... what if Osama had been
[hiding] in a hole in the ground? A dog could find that. A dog could alert
them to where he's hiding because of the incredible scent capabilities. ...
You can only see what you can see. You can't see what you don't see. A dog
can see it through his nose."

Above U.S. Marines from the 2nd Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment of the 2nd
Marine Expeditionary Brigade wait for helicopter transport as part of
Operation Khanjar at Camp Dwyer in Helmand Province in Afghanistan on July
2, 2009. 

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It's not the gear that makes the dog: Military working dogs (MWDs in Army
parlance) may not enjoy all the privileges of being full-fledged soldiers,
but the U.S. military no longer considers them mere equipment. (The war dogs
deployed to Vietnam during that conflict were classified as "surplus
equipment" and left behind.) Today, MWDs are outfitted with equipment of
their own -- a range of specialized gear that includes
<http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/10/01/rebeccas_war_dog_of_the_wee
k_risky_business_in_afghanistan> Doggles (protective eye wear), body armor,
life vests, gas masks, long-range GPS-equipped vests, and high-tech canine
"flak jackets."

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In August 2010, The Register, a British online tech publication, reported
that "top-secret, super-elite U.S. Navy SEAL special forces are to deploy
heavily armoured bulletproof dogs equipped with infrared nightsight cameras
and an 'intruder communication system' able to penetrate concrete walls."
The article also reported that the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Group had
"awarded an $86,000 contract to Canadian firm K9 Storm Inc. for the supply
of 'Canine Tactical Assault Vests' for wear by SEAL dogs." The K9 catalogue
boasts an array of high-tech canine devices, from storm lights to long lines
and leads to an assortment of vests -- assault, aerial insertion, and
patrol-SWAT -- which are rated from "excellent" to "good" in protecting the
animal from harm due to everything from bullets to ice picks. 

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Lethal weapons: Not all military dogs are trained to kill. According to the
U.S. Air Force, a dog only enters advanced training after a basic obedience
program is successfully completed. The focus of this more intensive training
is "controlled aggressiveness" in which the dog is "taught to find a suspect
or hostile person in a building or open area; to attack, without command,
someone who is attacking its handler; to cease an attack upon command at any
point after an attack command has been given..." Make no mistake, these
animals can be lethal weapons: "The average German Shepherd's bite exerts
between 400 and 700 pounds of pressure," according to the U.S. Air Force. 

Above, a U.S. Army soldier trains an attack dog at Camp Forward Operating
Base Wilson in Zari district in southern Kandahar province on Oct. 21, 2010.

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Fierce protectors: Military dogs and their handlers often form deep bonds --
it's an essential part of the canine-handler relationship that is
specifically built into their training regimen. The personal attachments are
often so intense that it can take weeks of training before a dog can begin
working with a new handler. 

Not only are these dogs fierce assault weapons, they are loyal guardians.
When Private First Class Colton Rusk was shot after his unit came under
Taliban sniper fire during a routine patrol in Afghanistan, Rusk's
bomb-sniffing dog, Eli, crawled on top of his body, attacking anyone --
including Rusk's fellow Marines -- who tried to come near him. Rusk did not
survive the assault, but Eli was granted early retirement so he could live
with Rusk's family. 

In the photo above, Staff Sgt. Erick Martinez, a military dog handler uses
an over-the-shoulder carry to hold his dog, Argo II, at Hill Air Force Base,
Utah, on March 4. The exercise helps build trust, loyalty, and teamwork.

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The nose knows: A canine's olfactory powers are well known -- dogs are now
even being used to sniff out rare types of cancer -- and that natural
ability hasn't gone unnoticed by the U.S. military. When President Barack
Obama traveled to Asia last fall, an elite team of 30 bomb-sniffing dogs
were part of his security entourage. (All in all, it was a pretty cushy
assignment: The dogs stayed in 5-star hotels and rode in vehicles tailored
to their comfort and safety.)

More remarkable still are vapor-wake dogs. Scientists at Auburn University's
College of Veterinary Medicine have genetically bred and specially trained
canines to not only detect stationary bombs or bomb-making materials, but
identify and alert their handler to themoving scent of explosive devices and
materials left behind in the air, say, as a suicide bomber walked through a
crowd -- all without ever tipping off the perpetrator. While not as
expensive as some military-trained dogs, the cost of breeding and training
these dogs cost is not cheap at around $20,000 each.

Above, U.S. sergeant Matthew Templet and his bomb-sniffing dog Basco search
for the explosives in an abandoned house in Haji Ghaffar village during a
clearance patrol in Zari district of Kandahar province on Dec. 27, 2010.

BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/Getty Images 

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The best of the best: U.S. and allied forces have been fighting a losing
battle against improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Afghanistan. In the
first eight months of 2010 there were more roadside bombs in Afghanistan
than in the same period in 2009. 

In October 2010, the Pentagon announced that after six years and $19 billion
spent in the attempt to build the ultimate bomb detector technology, dogs
were still the most accurate sniffers around. The rate of detection with the
Pentagon's fanciest equipment -- drones and aerial detectors -- was a 50
percent success rate, but when a dog was involved it rose 30 percent. 

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A canine surge: Over the last two years, there has been an effort to rapidly
increase the number IED detection dogs in Afghanistan and Iraq. Currently,
the Marine Corps has 170 bomb-sniffing dogs, but has plans to deploy as many
as 600 dogs to their program before September 2012. In late 2010 the Marines
have also awarded a contract to American K-9 Interdiction for "as much as
$35 million" to train and kennel their dogs. 

In February, Marine Commandant Gen. James Amos stated that he'd like to see
"a dog with every patrol." 

Above, U.S. Marines attached to 1st Battalion, 6th regiment, Charlie Company
relax with their bomb-sniffing dogs Books and Good one in Huskers camp on
the outskirts of Marjah in central Helmand on Jan. 25, 2010. 

Seeya round town, Moscow.

Tom Hansen

Moscow, Idaho

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