[Vision2020] 05-22-04 Washington Post: Punishment and Amusement
Art Deco aka W. Fox
deco@moscow.com
Sat, 22 May 2004 06:33:55 -0700
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washingtonpost.com
Punishment and Amusement
Documents Indicate 3 Photos Were Not Staged for Interrogation
By Scott Higham and Joe Stephens
Washington Post Staff Writers
Saturday, May 22, 2004; Page A01
Prisoners posed in three of the most infamous photographs of abuse to come out
of the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq were not being softened up for interrogation by
intelligence officers but instead were being punished for criminal acts or the
amusement of their jailers, according to previously secret documents obtained by
The Washington Post.
Several of the photographs taken by military police on the cellblock have become
iconic, among them the naked human pyramid, the hooded man standing on a box
hooked up to wires, and the three naked prisoners handcuffed together on the
prison floor. The documents show that MPs staged the photographs as a form of
entertainment or to discipline the prisoners for acts ranging from rioting to an
alleged rape of a teenage boy in the prison.
The documents include statements by four of the seven MPs now charged in the
abuse scandal: Spec. Sabrina Harman, Spec. Jeremy Sivits, Sgt. Javal S. Davis
and Pfc. Lynndie England. Their statements provide new insights into the
unfolding case.
For instance, they contain tantalizing hints about the role of military
intelligence officers who operated in the shadows of Tier 1A at the prison. One
military police officer said in a sworn statement that civilian and military
intelligence officers frequently visited Tier 1A at night, spiriting detainees
away for questioning out of sight of the MPs inside a "wood hut" behind the
prison building. The documents also offer the first detailed account of how the
abuse scandal unraveled.
Spec. Joseph M. Darby told investigators that he returned to Abu Ghraib from
leave in November and heard about a shooting at the prison's "hard site," which
contains Tier 1A. He said that he asked the MP in charge of the tier's night
shift, Spec. Charles A. Graner Jr., if he had any photographs of the cell where
the shooting took place.
Darby said Graner handed him two CDs of photographs.
"I thought the discs just had pictures of Iraq, the cell where the shooting
occurred," Darby told investigators.
Instead, Darby viewed hundreds of photographs showing naked detainees being
abused by U.S. soldiers.
"It was just wrong," Darby said. "I knew I had to do something."
He said that he asked Graner, a Pennsylvania prison guard in civilian life,
about the photographs. Graner replied: "The Christian in me says it's wrong, but
the corrections officer in me says, 'I love to make a grown man piss himself.' "
In the newly obtained documents, the MPs who gave statements describe Graner and
Staff Sgt. Ivan L. "Chip" Frederick II as the leaders and organizers of the
abuse. Frederick was the enlisted man in charge of Tier 1A and worked as a
prison guard in Virginia.
Graner, Frederick and Spec. Megan Ambuhl requested lawyers and declined to
provide investigators with sworn statements.
Attorneys for several of the charged MPs said their clients were acting at the
behest of military intelligence officers at the prison to soften up the
detainees for interrogation sessions.
"They were following orders," said Danielle Guebert, an attorney for England.
"The orders came from military intelligence."
Brig. Gen. Janis L. Karpinski has said that military intelligence officers were
in charge of the cellblock at the time. Representatives of the International
Committee of the Red Cross who visited the prison in mid-October, shortly before
the worst of the recorded abuses, complained that detainees were being stripped
and humiliated. "The military intelligence officer in charge of the
interrogation explained that this practice was 'part of the process,' " the Red
Cross said in a report. It remains unclear exactly what role military
intelligence officers played in the abuses that have been documented in
photographs and videos taken by MPs on the cellblock.
Davis, one of the MPs, said he lied when he was initially confronted by military
investigators about his role in the abuse, according to the documents. He gave a
second statement on Jan. 15. "It bothers me that I did not tell the truth," he
said. "When I was asked about it today, I decided I needed to be honest and
maintain my integrity and admit my fault."
Davis said that civilian and military intelligence personnel frequently visited
Tier 1A and took detainees to a wood hut outside for interrogations.
Portions of Davis's statement were included in an investigative report by Maj.
Gen. Antonio M. Taguba. But his full statement contains fresh details about what
took place on the cellblock.
There were different rules and procedures on Tier 1A, he said.
"I never saw a set of rules or SOP [standard operating procedure] for that
section -- just word of mouth," Davis said. "I did see paperwork provided by the
MI [military intelligence] soldiers regulating sleep and meals for some of the
MI-hold prisoners."
He said he was asked by Graner to help prepare the detainees for interrogation.
MPs or their attorneys have said that Graner served as the liaison on the
cellblock between the MPs and the intelligence officers, who had taken control
of Tier 1A by the fall of 2003.
Davis said Graner told him "the agents and MI soldiers would ask him to do
things, but nothing was ever in writing, he would complain."
Special visitors frequented the wing at night, Davis said. They included
representatives from the military's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) and
other government agencies (OGA), a common expression for the CIA.
"On the night shift, FBI, OGA, CID, MI would be in and out of the wing
interrogating prisoners, bringing them in, or taking them away to the wood hut
behind the hard site or away period," Davis said. "Someone was always there from
the other agencies or military personnel, it seemed."
He said he was disgusted by the treatment of the detainees.
"You mentioned you saw various things you thought were immoral," one
investigator asked him. "What things are you referring to?"
"The sleep and food plan that was the majority of the crap," Davis said. "You
see inmates stand all day and not get food until they are scheduled to sleep.
They stand for three to four hours. . . ."
"Why did you not inform your chain of command about this abuse?"
"Because I assumed that if they were doing anything out of the ordinary or
outside the guidelines, someone would have said something," Davis said. "Also,
the wing belongs to MI and it appeared MI personnel approved of the abuse."
Davis said Graner and Frederick encouraged him to participate in the incidents.
"The MI staffs, to my understanding, have been giving Graner compliments on the
way he has been handling the MI holds," Davis said. "Example being statements
like 'Good job, they're breaking down real fast'; 'They answer every question';
'They're giving out good information, finally'; and 'Keep up the good work' --
stuff like that."
Investigators asked if he had heard military intelligence officers directing the
guards to abuse detainees.
"Yes," he said.
Davis said the intelligence officers told Graner and Frederick: "Loosen this guy
up for us. Make sure he has a bad night. Make sure he gets the treatment."
"What is the name of the MI staff member who made the previously stated
comments?" investigators asked.
"I don't know the name because they often don't wear uniforms, and if they do
they don't have name tapes," Davis said.
Harman also hinted that military intelligence officers were orchestrating events
on Tier 1A. She described a number of abuses, including soldiers letting a dog
bite a detainee on both legs. She said that an interpreter practiced karate
kicks to the head of another detainee, nicknamed the "Taxicab Driver." She said
he was hit so hard he required stitches.
"MI, CID, OGA, etc., have all been involved," she told investigators.
England also told investigators that "MI had told us to 'rough them' up to get
answers from the prisoners."
All the MPs who provided statements also described abuses that appeared to have
little to do with intelligence gathering. Instead, they said detainees were
beaten and sexually humiliated as punishment or for fun.
On Oct. 24, the MPs decided to punish three detainees suspected of raping a
teenage boy at the prison. To make the men confess, the MPs stripped them and
handcuffed them together.
"They started to handcuff the two rapist[s] together in odd positions/ways,"
England told investigators. "Once the two were handcuffed together, the third
guy was brought over and handcuffed between the other two. Then they were laying
on the floor handcuffed together, so all the other prisoners could see them. CPL
Graner and SSG Frederick then asked me to start taking pictures with the
camera."
The resulting images, which show several soldiers other than Graner and
Frederick, have been cited by Graner's attorney as evidence that such practices
were condoned by military intelligence officers.
Several of the worst abuses photographed took place on a single day, Nov. 8.
In one of the most striking images to surface, a detainee jokingly referred to
as "Gilligan" by the MPs was forced to stand on a box of food, with wires
connected to his fingers, toes and penis.
Harman said she attached the wires to "Gilligan" and told him he would be
electrocuted if he fell off the box.
"Why did you do this to the detainee 'Gilligan'?" a military investigator asked.
"Just playing with him," Harman said.
Also that day, MPs punished seven detainees they said were instigating a riot in
a part of the prison outside Tier 1A.
The detainees were stripped and forced to the floor of the cellblock.
"Graner was placing them into position," Harman told investigators.
"How long did the human pyramid last?" an investigator asked her.
"The pyramid lasted about 15 to 20 minutes," she said.
At one point, David jumped onto the pile of naked men, Sivits said.
"That is when Sergeant Davis ran across the room and lunged in the air and
landed in the middle of where the detainees were," Sivits said. "I believe Davis
ran across the room a total of two times and landed in the middle of the pile of
detainees. A couple of the detainees kind of made an 'ah' sound."
© 2004 The Washington Post Company
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</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A =
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size=3D-1><B>washingtonpost.com</B> </FONT></A>
<P><FONT size=3D+2><B>Punishment and Amusement</B></FONT> <BR>Documents =
Indicate 3=20
Photos Were Not Staged for Interrogation=20
<P><FONT size=3D-1>By Scott Higham and Joe Stephens<BR>Washington Post =
Staff=20
Writers<BR>Saturday, May 22, 2004; Page A01 </FONT>
<P><NITF>
<P>Prisoners posed in three of the most infamous photographs of abuse to =
come=20
out of the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq were not being softened up for=20
interrogation by intelligence officers but instead were being punished =
for=20
criminal acts or the amusement of their jailers, according to previously =
secret=20
documents obtained by The Washington Post.</P>
<P>Several of the photographs taken by military police on the cellblock =
have=20
become iconic, among them the naked human pyramid, the hooded man =
standing on a=20
box hooked up to wires, and the three naked prisoners handcuffed =
together on the=20
prison floor. The documents show that MPs staged the photographs as a =
form of=20
entertainment or to discipline the prisoners for acts ranging from =
rioting to an=20
alleged rape of a teenage boy in the prison.</P>
<P>The documents include statements by four of the seven MPs now charged =
in the=20
abuse scandal: Spec. Sabrina Harman, Spec. Jeremy Sivits, Sgt. Javal S. =
Davis=20
and Pfc. Lynndie England. Their statements provide new insights into the =
unfolding case. </P>
<P>For instance, they contain tantalizing hints about the role of =
military=20
intelligence officers who operated in the shadows of Tier 1A at the =
prison. One=20
military police officer said in a sworn statement that civilian and =
military=20
intelligence officers frequently visited Tier 1A at night, spiriting =
detainees=20
away for questioning out of sight of the MPs inside a "wood hut" behind =
the=20
prison building. The documents also offer the first detailed account of =
how the=20
abuse scandal unraveled.</P>
<P>Spec. Joseph M. Darby told investigators that he returned to Abu =
Ghraib from=20
leave in November and heard about a shooting at the prison's "hard =
site," which=20
contains Tier 1A. He said that he asked the MP in charge of the tier's =
night=20
shift, Spec. Charles A. Graner Jr., if he had any photographs of the =
cell where=20
the shooting took place.</P>
<P>Darby said Graner handed him two CDs of photographs.</P>
<P>"I thought the discs just had pictures of Iraq, the cell where the =
shooting=20
occurred," Darby told investigators.</P>
<P>Instead, Darby viewed hundreds of photographs showing naked detainees =
being=20
abused by U.S. soldiers.</P>
<P>"It was just wrong," Darby said. "I knew I had to do something."</P>
<P>He said that he asked Graner, a Pennsylvania prison guard in civilian =
life,=20
about the photographs. Graner replied: "The Christian in me says it's =
wrong, but=20
the corrections officer in me says, 'I love to make a grown man piss =
himself.'=20
"</P>
<P>In the newly obtained documents, the MPs who gave statements describe =
Graner=20
and Staff Sgt. Ivan L. "Chip" Frederick II as the leaders and organizers =
of the=20
abuse. Frederick was the enlisted man in charge of Tier 1A and worked as =
a=20
prison guard in Virginia.</P>
<P>Graner, Frederick and Spec. Megan Ambuhl requested lawyers and =
declined to=20
provide investigators with sworn statements.</P>
<P>Attorneys for several of the charged MPs said their clients were =
acting at=20
the behest of military intelligence officers at the prison to soften up =
the=20
detainees for interrogation sessions. </P>
<P>"They were following orders," said Danielle Guebert, an attorney for =
England.=20
"The orders came from military intelligence."</P>
<P>Brig. Gen. Janis L. Karpinski has said that military intelligence =
officers=20
were in charge of the cellblock at the time. Representatives of the=20
International Committee of the Red Cross who visited the prison in =
mid-October,=20
shortly before the worst of the recorded abuses, complained that =
detainees were=20
being stripped and humiliated. "The military intelligence officer in =
charge of=20
the interrogation explained that this practice was 'part of the =
process,' " the=20
Red Cross said in a report. It remains unclear exactly what role =
military=20
intelligence officers played in the abuses that have been documented in=20
photographs and videos taken by MPs on the cellblock.</P>
<P>Davis, one of the MPs, said he lied when he was initially confronted =
by=20
military investigators about his role in the abuse, according to the =
documents.=20
He gave a second statement on Jan. 15. "It bothers me that I did not =
tell the=20
truth," he said. "When I was asked about it today, I decided I needed to =
be=20
honest and maintain my integrity and admit my fault."</P>
<P>Davis said that civilian and military intelligence personnel =
frequently=20
visited Tier 1A and took detainees to a wood hut outside for =
interrogations.=20
</P>
<P>Portions of Davis's statement were included in an investigative =
report by=20
Maj. Gen. Antonio M. Taguba. But his full statement contains fresh =
details about=20
what took place on the cellblock. </P>
<P>There were different rules and procedures on Tier 1A, he said.</P>
<P>"I never saw a set of rules or SOP [standard operating procedure] for =
that=20
section -- just word of mouth," Davis said. "I did see paperwork =
provided by the=20
MI [military intelligence] soldiers regulating sleep and meals for some =
of the=20
MI-hold prisoners." </P>
<P>He said he was asked by Graner to help prepare the detainees for=20
interrogation. MPs or their attorneys have said that Graner served as =
the=20
liaison on the cellblock between the MPs and the intelligence officers, =
who had=20
taken control of Tier 1A by the fall of 2003.</P>
<P>Davis said Graner told him "the agents and MI soldiers would ask him =
to do=20
things, but nothing was ever in writing, he would complain." </P>
<P>Special visitors frequented the wing at night, Davis said. They =
included=20
representatives from the military's Criminal Investigation Division =
(CID) and=20
other government agencies (OGA), a common expression for the CIA. </P>
<P>"On the night shift, FBI, OGA, CID, MI would be in and out of the =
wing=20
interrogating prisoners, bringing them in, or taking them away to the =
wood hut=20
behind the hard site or away period," Davis said. "Someone was always =
there from=20
the other agencies or military personnel, it seemed."</P>
<P>He said he was disgusted by the treatment of the detainees. </P>
<P>"You mentioned you saw various things you thought were immoral," one=20
investigator asked him. "What things are you referring to?"</P>
<P>"The sleep and food plan that was the majority of the crap," Davis =
said. "You=20
see inmates stand all day and not get food until they are scheduled to =
sleep.=20
They stand for three to four hours. . . ."</P>
<P>"Why did you not inform your chain of command about this abuse?"</P>
<P>"Because I assumed that if they were doing anything out of the =
ordinary or=20
outside the guidelines, someone would have said something," Davis said. =
"Also,=20
the wing belongs to MI and it appeared MI personnel approved of the =
abuse."</P>
<P>Davis said Graner and Frederick encouraged him to participate in the=20
incidents. </P>
<P>"The MI staffs, to my understanding, have been giving Graner =
compliments on=20
the way he has been handling the MI holds," Davis said. "Example being=20
statements like 'Good job, they're breaking down real fast'; 'They =
answer every=20
question'; 'They're giving out good information, finally'; and 'Keep up =
the good=20
work' -- stuff like that." </P>
<P>Investigators asked if he had heard military intelligence officers =
directing=20
the guards to abuse detainees. </P>
<P>"Yes," he said. </P>
<P>Davis said the intelligence officers told Graner and Frederick: =
"Loosen this=20
guy up for us. Make sure he has a bad night. Make sure he gets the =
treatment."=20
</P>
<P>"What is the name of the MI staff member who made the previously =
stated=20
comments?" investigators asked.</P>
<P>"I don't know the name because they often don't wear uniforms, and if =
they do=20
they don't have name tapes," Davis said. </P>
<P>Harman also hinted that military intelligence officers were =
orchestrating=20
events on Tier 1A. She described a number of abuses, including soldiers =
letting=20
a dog bite a detainee on both legs. She said that an interpreter =
practiced=20
karate kicks to the head of another detainee, nicknamed the "Taxicab =
Driver."=20
She said he was hit so hard he required stitches. </P>
<P>"MI, CID, OGA, etc., have all been involved," she told =
investigators.</P>
<P>England also told investigators that "MI had told us to 'rough them' =
up to=20
get answers from the prisoners."</P>
<P>All the MPs who provided statements also described abuses that =
appeared to=20
have little to do with intelligence gathering. Instead, they said =
detainees were=20
beaten and sexually humiliated as punishment or for fun.</P>
<P>On Oct. 24, the MPs decided to punish three detainees suspected of =
raping a=20
teenage boy at the prison. To make the men confess, the MPs stripped =
them and=20
handcuffed them together.</P>
<P>"They started to handcuff the two rapist[s] together in odd =
positions/ways,"=20
England told investigators. "Once the two were handcuffed together, the =
third=20
guy was brought over and handcuffed between the other two. Then they =
were laying=20
on the floor handcuffed together, so all the other prisoners could see =
them. CPL=20
Graner and SSG Frederick then asked me to start taking pictures with the =
camera."</P>
<P>The resulting images, which show several soldiers other than Graner =
and=20
Frederick, have been cited by Graner's attorney as evidence that such =
practices=20
were condoned by military intelligence officers.</P>
<P>Several of the worst abuses photographed took place on a single day, =
Nov. 8.=20
</P>
<P>In one of the most striking images to surface, a detainee jokingly =
referred=20
to as "Gilligan" by the MPs was forced to stand on a box of food, with =
wires=20
connected to his fingers, toes and penis.</P>
<P>Harman said she attached the wires to "Gilligan" and told him he =
would be=20
electrocuted if he fell off the box.</P>
<P>"Why did you do this to the detainee 'Gilligan'?" a military =
investigator=20
asked.</P>
<P>"Just playing with him," Harman said.</P>
<P>Also that day, MPs punished seven detainees they said were =
instigating a riot=20
in a part of the prison outside Tier 1A.</P>
<P>The detainees were stripped and forced to the floor of the =
cellblock.</P>
<P>"Graner was placing them into position," Harman told =
investigators.</P>
<P>"How long did the human pyramid last?" an investigator asked her.</P>
<P>"The pyramid lasted about 15 to 20 minutes," she said.</P>
<P>At one point, David jumped onto the pile of naked men, Sivits =
said.</P>
<P>"That is when Sergeant Davis ran across the room and lunged in the =
air and=20
landed in the middle of where the detainees were," Sivits said. "I =
believe Davis=20
ran across the room a total of two times and landed in the middle of the =
pile of=20
detainees. A couple of the detainees kind of made an 'ah' sound."</P>
<P></P></NITF>
<P>
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