[Vision2020] 06-11-04 Washington Post: Use of Dogs to Scare Prisoners Was Authorized

Fri, 11 Jun 2004 08:09:57 -0700

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 washingtonpost.com
Use of Dogs to Scare Prisoners Was Authorized
Military Intelligence Personnel Were Involved, Handlers Say

By Josh White and Scott Higham
Washington Post Staff Writers
Friday, June 11, 2004; Page A01

U.S. intelligence personnel ordered military dog handlers at the Abu Ghraib
prison in Iraq to use unmuzzled dogs to frighten and intimidate detainees during
interrogations late last year, a plan approved by the highest-ranking military
intelligence officer at the facility, according to sworn statements the handlers
provided to military investigators.

A military intelligence interrogator also told investigators that two dog
handlers at Abu Ghraib were "having a contest" to see how many detainees they
could make involuntarily urinate out of fear of the dogs, according to the
previously undisclosed statements obtained by The Washington Post.

The statements by the dog handlers provide the clearest indication yet that
military intelligence personnel were deeply involved in tactics later deemed by
a U.S. Army general to be "sadistic, blatant and wanton criminal abuses."

President Bush and top Pentagon officials have said the criminal abuse at Abu
Ghraib was confined to a small group of rogue military police soldiers who
stripped detainees naked, beat them and photographed them in humiliating sexual
poses. An Army investigation into the abuse condemned the MPs for those
practices, but also included the use of unmuzzled dogs to frighten detainees
among the "intentional abuse."

So far, the only charges to emerge have been against seven MPs and do not
include any dog incidents, even though such use of dogs is an apparent violation
of the Geneva Conventions and the Army's field manual. The military intelligence
officer in charge of Abu Ghraib later told investigators that the use of
unmuzzled dogs in interrogation sessions was recommended by a two-star general
and that it was "okay."

The newly obtained documents reinforce the picture that the abuse falls into two
categories: sexual humiliation and beatings at the hands of MPs, and
intimidation using dogs that is clearly tied to military intelligence. The
sexual abuse happened weeks and even months before the dog incidents, some of
which appear to be part of an organized strategy by military intelligence to
scare detainees into talking, according to the statements.

Sgts. Michael J. Smith and Santos A. Cardona, Army dog handlers assigned to Abu
Ghraib, told investigators that military intelligence personnel requested that
they bring their dogs to prison interrogation sites multiple times to assist in
questioning detainees in December and January. Col. Thomas M. Pappas, who was in
charge of military intelligence at the prison, told both soldiers that the use
of dogs in interrogations had been approved, according to the statements.

"I have talked to Col. Papus [sic] and he said it was good to go," Smith told an
investigator on Jan. 23.

Neither Smith nor Cardona has been charged in connection with the abuse at Abu
Ghraib. "It's all under investigation," said Lt. Col. Pamela Hart, an Army
spokeswoman.

The men could not be reached yesterday to comment. Two officers at the U.S. Army
Trial Defense Service said that a military lawyer has been assigned to Cardona
and that a message seeking a comment would be relayed to the attorney. The
officers said they did not know whether a lawyer from the Army's defense service
had been assigned to represent Smith.

In Army memos regarding interrogation techniques at the prison, the use of
military working dogs was specifically allowed -- as long as higher-ranking
officers approved the measures. According to one military intelligence memo
obtained by The Post, the officer in charge of the military intelligence-run
interrogation center at the prison had to approve the use of dogs in
interrogations. There is no explanation in the memo of what parameters would
have to be in place -- for example, whether the dogs would be muzzled or
unmuzzled -- or what the dogs would be allowed to do. The Army previously has
said that the commanding general of U.S. troops in Iraq -- Lt. Gen. Ricardo S.
Sanchez -- would have had to approve the use of dogs.

Human rights experts said the use of dogs at Abu Ghraib violates longstanding
tenets regulating the treatment of prisoners and civilians under the control of
an occupying force, including the Army's field manual, which prohibits "acts of
violence or intimidation" by American soldiers.

"Using dogs to frighten and intimidate prisoners is a violation of the Geneva
Convention," said Elisa Massimino, Washington director of Human Rights First, an
international organization based in New York. "It's a violation of U.S. policy
as stated in the Army field manual, and it's a violation of the prohibition
against cruel treatment."

The dog teams at Abu Ghraib were part of a security detail that also searched
for weapons, explosives and contraband. The general in charge of military
prisons in Iraq, including Abu Ghraib, said the dog teams were under the control
of military intelligence but had no training or experience in helping with
interrogations.

Cardona's dog, a tan Belgian Malinois named Duco, was trained to be part of a
narcotics and patrol team. Cardona told investigators he also helped military
intelligence with two interrogations and later was summoned by military police
to draw information out of a detainee on Tier 1 of the prison, site of the worst
documented abuse.

Smith said military intelligence personnel asked him to instill fear in
detainees. He said that he would bring his dog, a black Belgian shepherd named
Marco, to the tier specifically to scare prisoners after they were pulled out of
their cells. At the behest of interrogators, he said, in some cases he would
bring the barking dog to within six inches of the prisoners.

"Is using the dog in this manner an allowable tool by the MI interrogators?" an
investigator asked Smith.

"Yes," he replied.

The dog handlers arrived at Abu Ghraib in late November, sometime after the
abuse of detainees had been captured in photographs, including the images of the
naked human pyramid and forced masturbation.

Master-at-Arms 1st Class William J. Kimbro, a Navy dog handler, said he was
summoned to Tier 1 one night in November to help search a cell for explosives
using his dog, Nicky, a black and tan Belgian Malinois. Earlier that night -- 
records indicate it was Nov. 24 -- a prisoner had allegedly been found with a
weapon. When Kimbro and Nicky concluded the search, they were called to the
second floor of the cellblock to search another cell.

"There was a bunch of yelling going on in the cell and my dog started going
ape," Kimbro told investigators, adding that interrogators were yelling at a
detainee in the corner. "I remember one of the males saying to the detainee, if
the detainee did not provide the information the guy was asking about, then he
would have me let . . . my dog go on him."

Kimbro said he was surprised by the comment and tried to calm Nicky down. He
soon left, he said, upset that interrogators had tried to use his dog as an
interrogation tool.

"I was leaving because this is not what my dog is trained for," Kimbro said in
one of three statements he provided to investigators. "We do not use our dogs
for interrogation purposes."

Kimbro was singled out for praise in Maj. Gen. Antonio M. Taguba's report about
abuse at the prison for refusing "to participate in improper interrogations
despite significant pressure from the MI personnel at Abu Ghraib."

Smith and Cardona said they complied with the MI requests because they believed
the tactics had been approved by Pappas, the military intelligence officer in
charge of the prison. They told investigators that they spent time on the
cellblocks, allowing their dogs to bark at the detainees.

They said a non-commissioned officer from military intelligence approached them
in mid-December.

"He asked us if we could use our dogs for interrogation purposes," Cardona said
in a statement. "They were trying to get it cleared. We went outside and saw
Col. Pappas. He told us MI wanted to use the dogs for interrogations and he told
us that they had received permission to use dogs in an interview."

Smith recalled the same conversation, saying he spoke with Pappas in the parking
lot the night after Saddam Hussein was captured -- Dec. 14. He said he was told
that the use of the dogs was permitted.

Later that night, the two dog handlers took their dogs to an interrogation booth
holding a detainee. Interrogators told them the dogs did not need to be muzzled,
they said.

"When we got to the room the detainee was sitting in the doorway, with his feet
in the doorway and the door was open," Smith said. "My dog and Sgt. Cardona's
dog were both barking at the detainee and we never got closer than 18 inches.
Neither dog had a muzzle on."

Also in mid-December, the dog handlers said they were asked by one of the MPs,
Staff Sgt. Ivan L. "Chip" Frederick II, for help in dealing with an
uncooperative detainee. Part of what followed was captured in photographs that
have come to define the abuse at Abu Ghraib: A naked prisoner was up against a
wall, two dogs squaring off against him.

The detainee, identified in the documents as Ballendia Sadawi Mohammed, said he
was suddenly snatched from his bed in cell No. 5 one night and sent into the
hallway handcuffed.

"They sent the dogs toward me. I was scared," Mohammed told investigators. "The
first dog bit my leg and injured me there and this was bad luck. The bite from
the first dog caused me to have 12 stitches from the doctor of my left leg as a
result I lost a lot of blood."

Spec. Sabrina D. Harman, a member of the 372nd Military Police Company, said she
saw the incident and said the detainee was bitten after he tried to run from the
dog and was cornered. Cardona, whose dog apparently bit the detainee twice, once
on each leg, justified letting his dog go to the end of its leash because he
believed the detainee was fighting with Spec. Charles A. Graner Jr.

Military investigative records show that Frederick and Graner were key
participants in the abuse. Harman, who said she saw two other inmates with dog
bites around late December, also has been charged.

In early January, Cardona said, he used his dog during an interrogation at the
"Wood" facility at Abu Ghraib, a collection of wooden interrogation booths set
up behind the prison. Cardona said a non-commissioned military intelligence
officer asked him to bring his dog into a booth and make it bark to scare the
prisoner.

"I asked him if he wanted Duco to be in a muzzle and he said no," Cardona told
investigators. "We went into the booth and there was a detainee in the booth
with a bag over his head. Duco barked at him for about two or three minutes and
they were asking the detainee questions."

On Jan. 13, Spec. John Harold Ketzer, a military intelligence interrogator, saw
a dog team corner two male prisoners against a wall, one prisoner hiding behind
the other and screaming, he later told investigators.

"When I asked what was going on in the cell, the handler stated that he was just
scaring them, and that he and another of the handlers was having a contest to
see how many detainees they could get to urinate on themselves," Ketzer said.

Research editor Margot Williams contributed to this report.

© 2004 The Washington Post Company

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&nbsp;<A =
href=3D"http://www.washingtonpost.com/"><FONT=20
face=3Dhelvetica,arial color=3D#000000 =
size=3D-1>washingtonpost.com </A>
Use of Dogs to Scare Prisoners Was =
Authorized=20
 Military Intelligence Personnel Were Involved, Handlers Say=20
By Josh White and Scott Higham Washington Post =
Staff=20
Writers Friday, June 11, 2004; Page A01 
<NITF>
U.S. intelligence personnel ordered military dog handlers at the Abu =
Ghraib=20
prison in Iraq to use unmuzzled dogs to frighten and intimidate =
detainees during=20
interrogations late last year, a plan approved by the highest-ranking =
military=20
intelligence officer at the facility, according to sworn statements the =
handlers=20
provided to military investigators.
A military intelligence interrogator also told investigators that two =
dog=20
handlers at Abu Ghraib were "having a contest" to see how many detainees =
they=20
could make involuntarily urinate out of fear of the dogs, according to =
the=20
previously undisclosed statements obtained by The Washington Post.
The statements by the dog handlers provide the clearest indication =
yet that=20
military intelligence personnel were deeply involved in tactics later =
deemed by=20
a U.S. Army general to be "sadistic, blatant and wanton criminal =
abuses."
President Bush and top Pentagon officials have said the criminal =
abuse at Abu=20
Ghraib was confined to a small group of rogue military police soldiers =
who=20
stripped detainees naked, beat them and photographed them in humiliating =
sexual=20
poses. An Army investigation into the abuse condemned the MPs for those=20
practices, but also included the use of unmuzzled dogs to frighten =
detainees=20
among the "intentional abuse."
So far, the only charges to emerge have been against seven MPs and do =
not=20
include any dog incidents, even though such use of dogs is an apparent =
violation=20
of the Geneva Conventions and the Army's field manual. The military =
intelligence=20
officer in charge of Abu Ghraib later told investigators that the use of =

unmuzzled dogs in interrogation sessions was recommended by a two-star =
general=20
and that it was "okay."</P>
<P>The newly obtained documents reinforce the picture that the abuse =
falls into=20
two categories: sexual humiliation and beatings at the hands of MPs, and =

intimidation using dogs that is clearly tied to military intelligence. =
The=20
sexual abuse happened weeks and even months before the dog incidents, =
some of=20
which appear to be part of an organized strategy by military =
intelligence to=20
scare detainees into talking, according to the statements.
Sgts. Michael J. Smith and Santos A. Cardona, Army dog handlers =
assigned to=20
Abu Ghraib, told investigators that military intelligence personnel =
requested=20
that they bring their dogs to prison interrogation sites multiple times =
to=20
assist in questioning detainees in December and January. Col. Thomas M. =
Pappas,=20
who was in charge of military intelligence at the prison, told both =
soldiers=20
that the use of dogs in interrogations had been approved, according to =
the=20
statements.
"I have talked to Col. Papus [sic] and he said it was good to go," =
Smith told=20
an investigator on Jan. 23. 
Neither Smith nor Cardona has been charged in connection with the =
abuse at=20
Abu Ghraib. "It's all under investigation," said Lt. Col. Pamela Hart, =
an Army=20
spokeswoman.
The men could not be reached yesterday to comment. Two officers at =
the U.S.=20
Army Trial Defense Service said that a military lawyer has been assigned =
to=20
Cardona and that a message seeking a comment would be relayed to the =
attorney.=20
The officers said they did not know whether a lawyer from the Army's =
defense=20
service had been assigned to represent Smith.
In Army memos regarding interrogation techniques at the prison, the =
use of=20
military working dogs was specifically allowed -- as long as =
higher-ranking=20
officers approved the measures. According to one military intelligence =
memo=20
obtained by The Post, the officer in charge of the military =
intelligence-run=20
interrogation center at the prison had to approve the use of dogs in=20
interrogations. There is no explanation in the memo of what parameters =
would=20
have to be in place -- for example, whether the dogs would be muzzled or =

unmuzzled -- or what the dogs would be allowed to do. The Army =
previously has=20
said that the commanding general of U.S. troops in Iraq -- Lt. Gen. =
Ricardo S.=20
Sanchez -- would have had to approve the use of dogs.
Human rights experts said the use of dogs at Abu Ghraib violates =
longstanding=20
tenets regulating the treatment of prisoners and civilians under the =
control of=20
an occupying force, including the Army's field manual, which prohibits =
"acts of=20
violence or intimidation" by American soldiers.
"Using dogs to frighten and intimidate prisoners is a violation of =
the Geneva=20
Convention," said Elisa Massimino, Washington director of Human Rights =
First, an=20
international organization based in New York. "It's a violation of U.S. =
policy=20
as stated in the Army field manual, and it's a violation of the =
prohibition=20
against cruel treatment."
The dog teams at Abu Ghraib were part of a security detail that also =
searched=20
for weapons, explosives and contraband. The general in charge of =
military=20
prisons in Iraq, including Abu Ghraib, said the dog teams were under the =
control=20
of military intelligence but had no training or experience in helping =
with=20
interrogations.
Cardona's dog, a tan Belgian Malinois named Duco, was trained to be =
part of a=20
narcotics and patrol team. Cardona told investigators he also helped =
military=20
intelligence with two interrogations and later was summoned by military =
police=20
to draw information out of a detainee on Tier 1 of the prison, site of =
the worst=20
documented abuse.
Smith said military intelligence personnel asked him to instill fear =
in=20
detainees. He said that he would bring his dog, a black Belgian shepherd =
named=20
Marco, to the tier specifically to scare prisoners after they were =
pulled out of=20
their cells. At the behest of interrogators, he said, in some cases he =
would=20
bring the barking dog to within six inches of the prisoners.
"Is using the dog in this manner an allowable tool by the MI =
interrogators?"=20
an investigator asked Smith.
"Yes," he replied.
The dog handlers arrived at Abu Ghraib in late November, sometime =
after the=20
abuse of detainees had been captured in photographs, including the =
images of the=20
naked human pyramid and forced masturbation.
Master-at-Arms 1st Class William J. Kimbro, a Navy dog handler, said =
he was=20
summoned to Tier 1 one night in November to help search a cell for =
explosives=20
using his dog, Nicky, a black and tan Belgian Malinois. Earlier that =
night --=20
records indicate it was Nov. 24 -- a prisoner had allegedly been found =
with a=20
weapon. When Kimbro and Nicky concluded the search, they were called to =
the=20
second floor of the cellblock to search another cell.
"There was a bunch of yelling going on in the cell and my dog started =
going=20
ape," Kimbro told investigators, adding that interrogators were yelling =
at a=20
detainee in the corner. "I remember one of the males saying to the =
detainee, if=20
the detainee did not provide the information the guy was asking about, =
then he=20
would have me let . . . my dog go on him."
Kimbro said he was surprised by the comment and tried to calm Nicky =
down. He=20
soon left, he said, upset that interrogators had tried to use his dog as =
an=20
interrogation tool.
"I was leaving because this is not what my dog is trained for," =
Kimbro said=20
in one of three statements he provided to investigators. "We do not use =
our dogs=20
for interrogation purposes."
Kimbro was singled out for praise in Maj. Gen. Antonio M. Taguba's =
report=20
about abuse at the prison for refusing "to participate in improper=20
interrogations despite significant pressure from the MI personnel at Abu =

Ghraib."
Smith and Cardona said they complied with the MI requests because =
they=20
believed the tactics had been approved by Pappas, the military =
intelligence=20
officer in charge of the prison. They told investigators that they spent =
time on=20
the cellblocks, allowing their dogs to bark at the detainees.
They said a non-commissioned officer from military intelligence =
approached=20
them in mid-December.
"He asked us if we could use our dogs for interrogation purposes," =
Cardona=20
said in a statement. "They were trying to get it cleared. We went =
outside and=20
saw Col. Pappas. He told us MI wanted to use the dogs for interrogations =
and he=20
told us that they had received permission to use dogs in an =
interview."
Smith recalled the same conversation, saying he spoke with Pappas in =
the=20
parking lot the night after Saddam Hussein was captured -- Dec. 14. He =
said he=20
was told that the use of the dogs was permitted.
Later that night, the two dog handlers took their dogs to an =
interrogation=20
booth holding a detainee. Interrogators told them the dogs did not need =
to be=20
muzzled, they said.
"When we got to the room the detainee was sitting in the doorway, =
with his=20
feet in the doorway and the door was open," Smith said. "My dog and Sgt. =

Cardona's dog were both barking at the detainee and we never got closer =
than 18=20
inches. Neither dog had a muzzle on."
Also in mid-December, the dog handlers said they were asked by one of =
the=20
MPs, Staff Sgt. Ivan L. "Chip" Frederick II, for help in dealing with an =

uncooperative detainee. Part of what followed was captured in =
photographs that=20
have come to define the abuse at Abu Ghraib: A naked prisoner was up =
against a=20
wall, two dogs squaring off against him.</P>
<P>The detainee, identified in the documents as Ballendia Sadawi =
Mohammed, said=20
he was suddenly snatched from his bed in cell No. 5 one night and sent =
into the=20
hallway handcuffed.</P>
<P>"They sent the dogs toward me. I was scared," Mohammed told =
investigators.=20
"The first dog bit my leg and injured me there and this was bad luck. =
The bite=20
from the first dog caused me to have 12 stitches from the doctor of my =
left leg=20
as a result I lost a lot of blood."</P>
<P>Spec. Sabrina D. Harman, a member of the 372nd Military Police =
Company, said=20
she saw the incident and said the detainee was bitten after he tried to =
run from=20
the dog and was cornered. Cardona, whose dog apparently bit the detainee =
twice,=20
once on each leg, justified letting his dog go to the end of its leash =
because=20
he believed the detainee was fighting with Spec. Charles A. Graner =
Jr.</P>
<P>Military investigative records show that Frederick and Graner were =
key=20
participants in the abuse. Harman, who said she saw two other inmates =
with dog=20
bites around late December, also has been charged.</P>
<P>In early January, Cardona said, he used his dog during an =
interrogation at=20
the "Wood" facility at Abu Ghraib, a collection of wooden interrogation =
booths=20
set up behind the prison. Cardona said a non-commissioned military =
intelligence=20
officer asked him to bring his dog into a booth and make it bark to =
scare the=20
prisoner.</P>
<P>"I asked him if he wanted Duco to be in a muzzle and he said no," =
Cardona=20
told investigators. "We went into the booth and there was a detainee in =
the=20
booth with a bag over his head. Duco barked at him for about two or =
three=20
minutes and they were asking the detainee questions."</P>
<P>On Jan. 13, Spec. John Harold Ketzer, a military intelligence =
interrogator,=20
saw a dog team corner two male prisoners against a wall, one prisoner =
hiding=20
behind the other and screaming, he later told investigators.</P>
<P>"When I asked what was going on in the cell, the handler stated that =
he was=20
just scaring them, and that he and another of the handlers was having a =
contest=20
to see how many detainees they could get to urinate on themselves," =
Ketzer=20
said.</P>
<P><I>Research editor Margot Williams contributed to this report.</I> =
</P>
<P></P></NITF>
<P>
<CENTER>=A9 2004 The Washington Post Company <!-- Google Links Begin =
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