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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks Eric! I am working remotely today, but was wishing I was in my office where I could consult Reutlinger & Oltman. I was fortunate enough to have both of them as law professors.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<font size="4" color="#777777"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><o:p style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; MARGIN: 0in 0in 6pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Amy Lewis,
Attorney<br>Pronouns she/her/hers<br></span><img style="HEIGHT: 68px; WIDTH: 211px" src="cid:Logo_fa335a1d-9f24-4802-a3dd-b58f259e3c98.png" width="211" height="68" border="0"><br></p></o:p></font></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><span style="COLOR: #000000"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">909 A Street, Suite
600 | Tacoma, WA 98402<br></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><strong style="COLOR: #000000"></strong>phone 253.572.4500 | fax 253.272.5732
|</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"> </span><a href="http://www.eisenhowerlaw.com/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #c00000; text-underline: none">www.eisenhowerlaw.com</span></a></font>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com <wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Eric Nelsen<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 1, 2023 3:06 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> WSBA Probate & Trust Listserv <wsbapt@lists.wsbarppt.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [WSBAPT] The chart<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This chart is not right under Washington law—there is no difference between “per stirpes” and “by representation” in Washington: the terms mean the same thing.
<u>Johnson v. Huntley</u>, 39 Wn.2d 499, 504, 236 P.2d 776 (1951). They both mean basically per stirpes, but with a specific Washington modification to the traditional per stirpes: the per stirpes does not kick in until the first generation where there is a
living heir.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Washington per stirpes and by right of representation</u>: If a decedent has any living children, then division starts there, equal shares to each living child, and to each deceased child who had issue. If decedent has no living children,
then division starts at grandchildren, equal shares to each living grandchild, and to each deceased grandchild who had issue.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Traditional per stirpes</u>: Equal shares always starts at level of decedent’s children, even if none of them are alive. Equal shares to each living child and each deceased child who had issue.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There’s a great explanation of this, with charts, in Reutlinger’s
<i>Washington Law of Wills and Intestate Succession</i>, 3d ed., Ch. 1(D) (WSBA 2018).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This chart’s “by representation” actually follows the Uniform Probate Code, which refers to the scheme as “per capita at each generation.” Washington’s scheme is apparently called by the UPC “per capita with representation” to distinguish
it from traditional per stirpes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And to put a final stake in it, we are bound by the definition of “representation” in
<a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=11.02.005">
RCW 11.02.005(17)</a>, as another poster mentioned. And case law makes “per stirpes” equivalent to that.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So: As far as Washington is concerned, the terms “per stirpes” and “by representation” mean the same thing, but they mean “per capita with representation” and are not equivalent to “per stirpes” or “by representation” as those terms are
used in other jurisdictions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I just realized: I’ve never considered this issue when interpreting a foreign Will. I guess will have to think about that now.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Eric<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Eric C. Nelsen<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sayre Law Offices, PLLC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1417 31st Ave South<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Seattle WA 98144-3909<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">206-625-0092<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:eric@sayrelawoffices.com"><span style="color:#0563C1">eric@sayrelawoffices.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com">
wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com</a> <<a href="mailto:wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com">wsbapt-bounces@lists.wsbarppt.com</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Susan Donahue<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 1, 2023 1:49 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:wsbapt@lists.wsbarppt.com">wsbapt@lists.wsbarppt.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [WSBAPT] The chart<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
Susan Donahue <o:p></o:p></p>
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