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<div>Your point about data skewing is well taken, and is probably worse than you may be imagining. Here I am referring to the long-term time shifting of inputs and outputs of economic expenditures and benefits received with respect to the cash and indebtedness outlays concentrated in collegiate communities versus the rewards earned and benefits received, usually in geographically remote locations from the expenditures, in time frames relatively far removed from one another. In other words, it is not as if the economics of education take place in geographically compact areas within cohesively operating local economies over the lifetimes of the producers and beneficiaries. Not only is there more physical and chronological separation of the economic activities, but there is much less interaction among the direct participants of those expending and those benefiting.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Ken</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
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On Friday, May 10, 2019, 10:05:38 AM PDT, Ron Force <ronforce@gmail.com> wrote:
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<div><div id="yiv0120174009"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="yiv0120174009gmail_default" style="font-size:small;">The data is undoubtedly skewed by the 19,000 students at BYU-Idaho and their low incomes. The growth of enrollment has probably impacted the local housing market. By the way, the poverty rate for Moscow is 29.9% and Pullman, 37.5%.</div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail_default" style="font-size:small;"><br clear="none"></div><div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font size="2">Ron Force<br clear="none">Moscow Idaho USA</font></div></div></div><br clear="none"></div><br clear="none"><div class="yiv0120174009gmail_quote"><div class="yiv0120174009yqt5745318759" id="yiv0120174009yqt23165"><div class="yiv0120174009gmail_attr" dir="ltr">On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 9:36 AM Kenneth Marcy <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:kmmos1@frontier.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:kmmos1@frontier.com">kmmos1@frontier.com</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote class="yiv0120174009gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;"><div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyahoo-style-wrap" style=""><div id="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825"><div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825yahoo-style-wrap" style=""><div><div><div><span>Worst Cities to Live in Every State</span></div><div><span><br clear="none"></span></div><div><span><span><b><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="https://tinyurl.com/y56xnssn">https://tinyurl.com/y56xnssn</a></b></span> </span><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>Quality of life is subject to countless quantitative and qualitative factors — not the least of which is environment.</div>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">While </span><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825" target="_blank" href="https://247wallst.com/special-report/2019/01/02/best-city-to-live-in-every-state/">living in an ideal city</a><span style="font-weight:400;">
by no means assures personal contentment, conditions like crime,
unemployment, and inordinately high living costs can detract from the
quality of life in any city.</span></p><span style="font-weight:400;">24/7 Wall St. created an index
consisting of over two dozen measures to identify the worst cities to
live in in every state. Our list includes cities, towns, villages,
boroughs, and Census designated places. We did not include places with
fewer than 8,000 residents in our analysis. Because no two states are
exactly alike, the kinds of issues affecting the cities on this list
vary considerably.</span>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">For many of these cities, the problems
are serious and deeply entrenched. In 23 of the 50 cities on this list,
the violent crime rate is higher than in at least 90% of all other
American cities </span><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/home"><span style="font-weight:400;">tracked by the FBI</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">
— and in another eight, violence is more common than in at least 75% of
U.S. cities. The effects of violent crimes like robbery and aggravated
assault can extend beyond their immediate victims, often pushing down
property values and driving out business. Indeed, in many of these same
cities, real estate values are depressed and unemployment is soaring. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">In a handful of cities on this list,
the situation is less dire. In some less populous states like South
Dakota and Wyoming, their worst cities are on this list largely due to
their distance from the nearest hospital or a lack of local
entertainment options like movie theaters, restaurants, nature parks,
and museums. </span></p></div><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efwp-caption yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efGetty" style="width:655px;"><img class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efaligncenter yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efreplaced" src="https://247wallst.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/imageforentry12-dw0.jpg?w=645&h=363" alt="" style="width:645px;max-width:645px;"><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efwallst_image_source"><span>Source:</span> Bret-Barton / Getty Images</div></div>
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<p><span class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9eftitle-bullet"><strong>Idaho: Rexburg</strong></span><br clear="none">
<span class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efvalue-bullet"><strong>> Population:</strong> 27,369</span><br clear="none">
<span class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efvalue-bullet"><strong>> Median home value:</strong> $184,200 (state: $176,800)</span><br clear="none">
<span class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efvalue-bullet"><strong>> Poverty rate:</strong> 41.6% (state: 14.5%)</span><br clear="none">
<span class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efvalue-bullet"><strong>> Violent crimes per 100,000 people:</strong> 38 (state: 226)</span></p>
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<div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summary">
<p class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries">Housing affordability is a major obstacle
to quality of life for many in Rexburg, Idaho. The typical area home is
worth about seven times as much as the median annual household income of
just $26,341. Nationwide, the median home value is just 3.4 times
higher than the median annual household income. Low incomes in Rexburg
are highlighted by the city’s 41.6% poverty rate, which is higher than
in more than 90% of all American cities.</p>
<div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries">The area’s low incomes are partially the
product of a weak job market. The Census estimates that 6.8% of workers
in Rexburg are unemployed, more than double the 3.3% unemployment rate
across Idaho.</div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries">======</div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries">Though the Wall St. 24/7 article does not mention it, it remains true that some property tax relief could be made available to residents of Rexburg, and other Idaho cities, were more glowing properties such as the one illustrated here were allowed to be removed from the lists properties exempt from property taxes, and thus to pay their fair share of the community expense burdens.</div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries">Ken</div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div><div class="yiv0120174009gmail-m_2615974424984695769ydp1299d2ccyiv2755068825ydpb951e9efpubentry-summaries"><br clear="none"></div>
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