<div dir="ltr"><div><font face="georgia,serif">Greetings:</font></div><div><span style="font-family:georgia,serif">This column indirectly serves as a note on the recent anniversary of Roe v. Wade.</span><span style="font-family:georgia,serif"> For more r</span><span style="font-family:georgia,serif;margin:0px;line-height:24px"><font color="#000000">ead my article on abortion at <a href="http://webpages.uidaho.edu/ngier/abortion.htm" target="_blank">webpages.uidaho.edu/ngier/abortion.htm</a>. </font></span><br></div><div><font face="georgia,serif">Much of the info in this column comes from a recent report in The Economist (12/28/18). The long version is attached.</font></div><div><font face="georgia,serif">Hail to all creatures great and small!</font></div><div><font face="georgia,serif">Nick</font></div><div><font face="georgia,serif"></font><br></div><p align="center" style="margin:0px;text-align:center;line-height:19.5px"><b><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">Progress on Animal Rights Around the World</font></span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin:0px;text-align:center;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#b00000" face="georgia,serif"></font><br></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">Many cracks have appeared in the hard shell that has enveloped, for centuries, the traditional belief in human uniqueness. </font></span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">All the claims have fallen away: some animals are self-conscious, some (even crows and parrots) have cognitive skills, whales and dolphins have their own languages, and the great apes, crows, dolphins, and elephant painters use tools.</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><a name="m_5168259186544229540__Hlk536441312"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">The European Union’s Lisbon Treaty recognizes animals as sentient beings, and New Zealand and the U.S. have joined these 28 countries in this view. Three American states now allow a pet’s interests and feelings a role in any divorce settlement. At the Clever Dog Lab at the University of Vienna, scientists have proved that dogs have a sense of fairness.</font></span></a></p><span style="margin:0px"></span><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">Dolphins have 40 percent more neo-cortical area in their brains than we do, and they have rich emotional and mental lives. Dolphins have passed the “mirror self-recognition test,” which proves that they join the great apes, whales, elephants, and humans in possessing self-consciousness. Dolphins are also tool users: they take sponges in their mouths and dig out food in the sea floor.</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">In 2013 India’s environmental ministry proposed that dolphins and whales are “non-human persons with their own specific rights,” and performances by them in such venues as Sea World would be prohibited. Following up in 2014, India’s Supreme Court ruled that “every species has a right to life and security, and life means something more than mere survival or instrumental value for human beings.”</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000"><font face="georgia,serif"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><span style="margin:0px"> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px">In July 2015, Manhattan Supreme Court Judge Barbara Jaffe initially ruled that she would consider a request for a writ of <i>habeas corpus</i> for retired lab chimps Hercules and Leo. This is an age-old</span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"> legal instrument that bars arbitrary imprisonment, and, in this case, that would assume chimp personhood.</span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"> In her final brief Judge Jaffe corrected that implication, but she did concede that this campaign “may someday succeed.”</span></font></font></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">In May 2018, the New York County Supreme Court ruled 5-0 against granting <i>hapeas corpus</i> to chimps Tommy and Kiko. Responding to the argument that these apes could not “carry out legal duties or be accountable for their actions,” one of the justices did concede that “the same is true for human infants and comatose human adults,” who have a right not be imprisoned arbitrarily.</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">In 2014, a court in Argentina ruled that Sandra, an organutan in a Buenos Aires zoo, “was a non-human person.”<span style="margin:0px"> </span>This was an animal welfare case and not a request for <i>habeas corpus</i>. In another case in Argentina, however, a judge did find that a chimpanzee named Cecila was a non-human person and she had been illegally imprisoned. Unlike the American chimps above, Cecila is now allowed to live the rest of her life in a sanctuary in Brazil.</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000"><font face="georgia,serif"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><span style="margin:0px"> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px">On December 14, 2018, Steven Wise filed a writ of <i>habeas corpus </i>on behalf of Happy, an Asian zoo elephant. In the New York Supreme Court Wise argued that “the zoo’s imprisonment of Happy deprives her of her ability to exercise her autonomy in meaningful ways, including the freedom to choose where to go, what to do, and with whom to be.” Sadly, Happy awaits the decision in solitary confinement.</span></font></font></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000"><font face="georgia,serif"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><span style="margin:0px"> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px">I believe that the criterion for a legal right to life should be, in contrast to the traditional requirement of rationality, the ability to feel pain. Laws pertaining to the humane treatment of animals recognize this, and, significantly, the medical consensus is that human fetuses do not feel pain until 22-28 weeks. Therefore, women should have a right to an abortion before that time.</span></font></font></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000" face="georgia,serif">I challenge all those who claim to be “pro-life” to be consistent, and join me in my vegetarian diet and my moral commitment to all creatures great and small.</font></span></p><p style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;line-height:19.5px"><font color="#000000"><font face="georgia,serif">Nick Gier taught philosophy at the University of Idaho for 31 years. <a name="m_5168259186544229540__Hlk536701413" style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">Much of the information was drawn from <i>The Economist </i>(12/28/18). </a></font></font></span><span class="gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br></font></span></p><div class="gmail-yj6qo gmail-ajU" style="outline:none;padding:10px 0px;width:22px;margin:2px 0px 0px"><div id="gmail-:1d4" class="gmail-ajR" tabindex="0" style="background-color:rgb(232,234,237);border:none;clear:both;line-height:6px;outline:none;width:24px;border-radius:5.5px"><img class="gmail-ajT" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" style="background: url("https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/more_horiz_black_20dp.png") 50% 50% / 20px no-repeat; height: 11px; opacity: 0.54; width: 24px;"></div></div><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div> <div style="height:auto;width:auto"> <div> <div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt"><div><span style="font-size:13.3333330154419px">A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in. </span><br style="font-size:13.3333330154419px"><br style="font-size:13.3333330154419px"><span style="font-size:13.3333330154419px">-Greek proverb</span></div><div><br>
“Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.
Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance
from another. This immaturity is self- imposed when its cause lies not
in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it
without guidance from another. Sapere Aude! ‘Have courage to use your
own understand-ing!—that is the motto of enlightenment.<br>
<br>
--Immanuel Kant<br>
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