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<p align="center" style="margin:0px;text-align:center;line-height:150%"><b><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3"><br></font></span></b></p><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Greetings:</font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">For those who do not get the DNews, you will find my Thursday column right below. </font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">For over 20 years I've been trying to set the record straight on the meaning of mysticism. It started with a presentation at a physics conference at the UI in 1998. (<span style="text-align:left;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-transform:none;text-indent:48px;letter-spacing:normal;font-family:"Georgia",serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;word-spacing:0px;display:inline;white-space:normal;float:none;background-color:transparent">Read why contemporary
physics is not mystical at <a href="http://webpages.uidaho.edu/ngier/mysticism.htm">webpages.uidaho.edu/ngier/mysticism.htm</a>.) The physicists in attendance were really relieved to hear that the Tao of Physics and Dancing Wu Li Masters, while valuable in so many respects, were wrong about the spiritual connections.</span></font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3"><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>May your Christmas season be mysterious and magical, and perhaps a few of you might have some mystical experiences, but I doubt it.</font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Nick<br></font></span><p align="center" style="margin:0px;text-align:center;line-height:150%"><b><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Psychedelic
Drugs and Mystical Experiences </font></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0px;text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="margin:0px"> </span>Nick Gier</font></font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Not month goes by that I don’t
run across yet another misuse of the word “mystical.” I just finished Walter
Isaacson’s biography of Leonardo da Vinci, and I cringed when he described Mona
Lisa’s smile as “mystical.” The right words are either “enigmatic” or “mysterious,”
and after reading his analysis of the painting the smile is a little less so.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">The Oxford English Dictionary
defines the “mystical” as “spiritual union with God transcending human
comprehension.” This definition needs to be revised to include those mystics (primarily
in India) who claim union with an impersonal Divine One. While each name
ultimate reality differently, they all agree that the mystical experience is
ineffable. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;color:black;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:13.5pt">S</span><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">t. Catherine of Genoa, a medieval mystic,
speaks of the dissolution of the self into God in the following way: “My Me is
God, nor do I recognize any other Me except my God Himself.” </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">This
is essentially the same as Paul’s phrase “Not I, but Christ,” the Hindu saying “Not
I, but Atman-Brahman),” or the later Buddhist saying “Not I, but the Buddha
nature.” </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 10.66px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif">Those
under the influence of psychedelics have intense perceptions and strong
ecstatic feelings, but Catherine experiences none of these: “When the soul is
naughted and transformed, then of herself she neither works nor speaks nor
wills, nor feels nor hears nor understands.”</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></font><span style="margin:0px"></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">In 1943, Albert Hoffman, the Swiss
biochemist who first synthesized LSD, describes his first trip as follows: “I perceived
an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with
intense, kaleidoscopic play of colors.” </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">In his classic work <i>The Doors of Perception </i>Aldous Huxley describes an experience he
had with mescaline in great detail. Remarkably similar to Hoffman’s LSD trip, Huxley
found his outer world richly and vividly colored: his books “were like flowers,
they glowed when I looked at them. Red books, like rubies; emerald books; books
bound in white jade. . . intense, so intrinsically meaningful.” </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">In contrast to the mystical experience,
Huxley’s visions were fully differentiated and particularized. “Pure Being” is <a name="_Hlk531617098">“a bundle of minute, unique particulars.” </a>Also
different from mystical experiences, which are reported as outside of time and
space, Huxley’s visions and others on psychedelics were in time and space,
although it was not clock time (oddly “there was plenty of it”) and space was
wonderfully distorted. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">In a later essay “Heaven and Hell” Huxley
admits that “mystical experience is beyond the realm of opposites. Visionary
experience is still within that realm.” He also speculates that an
“infinitesimal minority are capable of immediate union with the Divine Ground,”
but a few more may be able to experience the “visionary bliss of heaven.”</font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="margin:0px"> </span>In
his new book <i>How to Change Your Mind </i>Michael
Pollan claims that psychedelic drugs can produce mystical experiences. A close
look, however, of his accounts reveals that they are, by and large, vivid perceptions or visions not mystical union. </font></font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">When Pollan ingested a huge psilocybin
mushroom, he found that his self was “spread over the landscape like paint, or
butter, thinly coating a wide expanse of the world with a substance I
recognized as me.” </font></span><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Note that this self, although wildly
distorted, is still allowing him to perceive and to describe his experience. This
is not the total dissolution of all sense of self and feelings reported by St.
Catherine. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Pollan suggests that he experienced what
Huxley called “Mind at Large” from his own mescaline trip. He speculates that
this might be “a universal, shareable form of consciousness unbonded by a any
single brain,” what others have called “cosmic consciousness, the Oversoul, or
Universal Mind.” </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Among all the wonderous discoveries of astrophysics,
evidence for a cosmic consciousness has not appeared nor should we expect there
to be any. Consciousness is an attribute of large-brained animals and possible
extraterrestrial beings. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Huxley’s vision of “a bundle of minute,
unique particulars” is more in line with the exotic world of particle physics.
Using playful words such as “colored” quarks and the “beauty baryon”
(containing three quarks), physicists are expressing awe and wonder about a
world that they find difficult to express but try to measure anyway. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Although I believe as a philosopher that it
is important to get the meaning of words straight, some may think that this
debate is just academic. Therefore, I want to conclude with praise for Pollan
for imparting important information about how psychedelic drugs have helped
patients with addiction, depression, and anxiety. Pollan shows that before LSD
was banned in 1966, extensive studies proved the effectiveness of these drugs,
and these alternative treatments are now coming back as restrictions have been
eased.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:150%;text-indent:0.5in"><span style="margin:0px;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><font color="#000000" size="3">Nick Gier of Moscow taught religion and
philosophy at the University of Idaho for 31 years. Email him
at <a href="mailto:ngier006@gmail.com">ngier006@gmail.com</a>.</font></span></p>
<font size="3"></font><font color="#000000"></font><font face="Times New Roman"></font><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div> <div style="width:auto;height:auto"> <div> <div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt"><div><span style="font-size:13.33px">A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in. </span><br style="font-size:13.33px"><br style="font-size:13.33px"><span style="font-size:13.33px">-Greek proverb</span></div><div><br>
“Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.
Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance
from another. This immaturity is self- imposed when its cause lies not
in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it
without guidance from another. Sapere Aude! ‘Have courage to use your
own understand-ing!—that is the motto of enlightenment.<br>
<br>
--Immanuel Kant<br>
<br><br></div></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>