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<p><font size="+1">That's an interesting list with lots of languages
represented. If the list is rearranged to GDP by language,
though, it appears that just four language families dominate the
world economy. The Teutonic family, the Latinate family, the
Sinitic family, and Japanese dominate well over 80 percent of
the world's gross domestic product production. English, at
about 35 percent, exceeds its next nearest language competitor,
Japanese, by 25 percent of world GDP, and the Latinate languages
together produce about 18 percent of the world's output.
Economic freedom, GDP production, and language spoken are separate
concepts, of course, but their interactions are interesting.
Google gdp by language for links to more detailed lists.</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Ken</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"></font><br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/4/2016 10:11 PM, Ron Force wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAFuBBG36y7QenbCr_5W69pWfQ1p+rG4_j-BR0DohrHQXw3jtPQ@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Mr Crabtree--
the Heritage Foundation ranks Chile 7th in the world for
economic freedom (2016). The US is ranked 11th.</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking</a><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
<div>
<div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2">Ron Force<br>
Moscow Idaho USA</font></div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 8:11 PM, g
crabtree <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:direoutcome@gmail.com" target="_blank">direoutcome@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">Golly, and premium gasoline is practically
free in Venezuela. (under a nickel a gallon) Once Chile's
new socialist president has had a few years to enact her
progressive policies, the people of South Americas most
stable and prosperous nation might be lucky enough to
partake of the pleasures the Venezuelan populace is
becoming accustomed to. (toilet paper and food are rather
bourgeoisie after all)
<div><br>
</div>
<div>g</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 12:43 PM,
Nicholas Gier <span dir="ltr"><<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:ngier006@gmail.com" target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:ngier006@gmail.com">ngier006@gmail.com</a></a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<h1><font face="georgia, serif" size="2">Here is
what Latin America' Best Socialist Government
is Doing. nfg</font></h1>
<h1><font face="georgia, serif" size="2">Chile
Producing So Much Solar Energy It’s Giving
Electricity Away for Free</font></h1>
<div>
<div><font face="georgia, serif">By <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nationofchange.org/news/author/lorraine-chow/"
target="_blank">Lorraine Chow</a></font></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><font face="georgia, serif"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nationofchange.org/news/2016/06/03/chile-producing-much-solar-energy-giving-electricity-away-free/"
target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nationofchange.org/news/2016/06/03/chile-producing-much-solar-energy-giving-electricity-away-free/">http://www.nationofchange.org/news/2016/06/03/chile-producing-much-solar-energy-giving-electricity-away-free/</a></a></font></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">Thanks to Chile’s
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/2016/05/31/santiago-metro-system-solar-wind/"
target="_blank">major investments</a> in <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/business/renewables/"
target="_blank">renewables</a>, the Latin
American country is seeing an incredible <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/?s=solar"
target="_blank">solar</a> boom.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">In a
new Bloomberg <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-01/chile-has-so-much-solar-energy-it-s-giving-it-away-for-free"
target="_blank">report</a>, <em>Chile Has
So Much Solar Energy It’s Giving It Away
for Free</em>, solar capacity from the
country’s central grid has increased four
fold to 770 megawatts since 2013.
Another 1.4 gigawatts will be added this
year with many solar power projects <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-10/acciona-invests-343-million-in-247-megawatt-solar-farm-in-chile"
target="_blank">under development</a>.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">Thanks to
an economic boost from increased mining
production, Chile now has 29 solar farms
and another 15 in the pipeline. Enel Green
Power Chile Ltda. recently commissioned <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/01/enel-commissions-largest-pv-solar-project-chile/"
target="_blank">Chile’s largest solar PV
project</a> connected to the grid. The
160-megawatt facility will be located in the
northern part of the country in the
municipality of María Elena, about 1,300
kilometers north of Santiago.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">With so much
clean power available, the price of solar
has cost absolutely nothing for
certain regions in recent months. As
Bloomberg stated:</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">Spot prices
reached zero in parts of the country on 113
days through April, a number that’s on track
to beat last year’s total of 192 days,
according to Chile’s central grid operator.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">However, the
article points out that Chile’s rapid solar
expansion isn’t all good news. Due to the
nation’s bifurcated power grid, the central
and northern grids are not connected.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://analysis.pv-insider.com/chiles-solar-boom-poses-new-integration-challenges-developers"
target="_blank">PV Insider</a> noted that
most of the demand is in the central grid,
yet the best solar resource in the country
resides in the Atacama desert in the
north. The northern grid represents
approximately 24 percent of installed
capacity whereas the central grid holds the
majority of capacity at 74 percent of
installed megawatts.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">The northern grid
is where solar prices are going to zero,
Bloomberg noted. Meanwhile, the main
population centers in the south are not
seeing the same benefits.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">Chile, therefore,
must invest in its transmission
infrastructure in order for the whole
country to tap into the north’s glut solar
power and stabilize demand.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">“Chile has at
least seven or eight points in the
transmission lines that are collapsed and
blocked, and we have an enormous challenge
to bypass the choke points,” Energy Minister
Maximo Pacheco told the publication. “When
you embark on a path of growth and
development like the one we’ve had, you
obviously can see issues arising.”</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">The good news is
that the Chilean government is addressing
the problem with its planned 1,865-mile
transmission line that will link the
two grids by 2017.</font></p>
<div>
<h1><font face="georgia, serif" size="2">Santiago’s
Metro System to Become World’s First to Be
Powered Largely by Solar and Wind</font></h1>
<div><font face="georgia, serif"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://ecowatch.com/2016/05/31/santiago-metro-system-solar-wind/"
target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://ecowatch.com/2016/05/31/santiago-metro-system-solar-wind/">https://ecowatch.com/2016/05/31/santiago-metro-system-solar-wind/</a></a></font></div>
<div><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font face="georgia, serif">The subway
system in Chile’s capital will soon be the
world’s first to run largely on <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/business/renewables/"
target="_blank">renewable energy</a>
sources.<br>
</font></div>
</div>
<div>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">The <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.metrosantiago.cl/"
target="_blank">Metro de Santiago</a>,
the second-longest metro system in Latin
America after Mexico City, has signed two
agreements, one with a <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/?s=solar"
target="_blank">solar</a> energy
provider and another with a <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ecowatch.com/?s=solar"
target="_blank">wind</a> power company,
which will provide 60 percent of metro’s
energy needs by 2018.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">An announcement
of the <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.energias-renovables.com/articulo/santiago-energia-renovable-para-el-ferrocarril-metropolitano-20160523"
target="_blank">$500 million deal</a>
was made last week by Chilean President
Michelle Bachelet during a visit to the
National Stadium station that’s currently
under construction.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">“More than two
and a half million passengers use the
Metro daily,” she <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://geographical.co.uk/places/cities/item/1707-santiago-transport-turning-renewable"
target="_blank">said</a>. “[They] will
not only be able to travel faster and
safer; they will also be able to travel in
a means of transport that cares for the
planet, which reduces our carbon footprint
and that makes possible a sustainable
future for all.”</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">California
solar company SunPower, an affiliate of
French oil company Total, will begin
construction of the El Pelícano Solar
Project, a 100-megawatt facility near the
municipalities of La Higuera and Vallenar.
The solar plant, expected to go live by
the end of 2017, will supply 300 gigawatt
hours per year of clean energy to Metro de
Santiago, or 42 percent of its annual
energy demands.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">“SunPower is
proud to serve Metro of Santiago’s growing
energy demand with cost-competitive,
renewable solar power,” Eduardo Medina,
the executive vice president of SunPower’s
global power plants, <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://newsroom.sunpower.com/2016-05-23-The-Worlds-First-Metro-to-Run-on-Solar-Energy-Powered-by-Total-and-SunPower"
target="_blank">said</a>. “Solar is an
ideal energy source for Chile because of
the country’s high solar resource and
transparent energy policies. In
partnership with Total, SunPower is
committed to the continued growth of our
business in Chile.”</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">As for wind
power, the metro will receive 18 percent
of its energy needs from a 185-megawatt <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.power-technology.com/news/newsvestas-to-deliver-wind-turbines-for-185mw-san-juan-project-in-chile-4611515"
target="_blank">San Juan wind project</a>
developed by Spain-based Elecnor and owned
by Brazilian renewable energy firm Latin
America Power, according to <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://qz.com/691078/santiagos-subway-system-will-soon-be-powered-mostly-by-solar-and-wind-energy/"
target="_blank">Quartz</a>.</font></p>
<div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">Quartz noted
that both solar and wind projects will
start service in 2018 and supply the metro
for the next 15 years. The metro will
receive its remaining 40 percent of its
energy needs from the Chilean electric
distribution company Chilectra.</font></p>
<p><font face="georgia, serif">The <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/maria-martinez/latin-america-green-news-climate-change-threatens-cabo-pulmos-corals"
target="_blank">Natural Resources
Defense Council noted</a> that the
amount of energy generated by the wind and
solar projects for the metro will be
equivalent to the energy needs of 104,000
homes. Not only that, the impressive
initiative is expected to mitigate 130,000
tons of CO2 emissions annually.</font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span><font color="#888888">
<div><font face="georgia, serif">-- <br>
</font></div>
<div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div style="min-height:auto;width:auto">
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<div>
<div><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
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<div>
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<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><font size="2">
<div><font face="georgia,
serif">A society grows
great when old men plant
trees whose shade they
know they shall never
sit in. <br>
<br>
-Greek proverb</font></div>
<div><font face="georgia,
serif"><br>
“Enlightenment is man’s
emergence from his
self-imposed immaturity.
Immaturity is the
inability to use one’s
understanding without
guidance from another.
This immaturity is self-
imposed when its cause
lies not in lack of
understanding, but in
lack of resolve and
courage to use it
without guidance from
another. Sapere Aude!
‘Have courage to use
your own
understand-ing!—that is
the motto of
enlightenment.<br>
<br>
--Immanuel Kant<br>
<br>
</font><br>
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</font></div>
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</font></span></div>
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