<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
h2
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char";
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-weight:bold;}
h3
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-weight:bold;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:windowtext;}
span.Heading2Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2";
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-weight:bold;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-weight:bold;}
span.mw-headline
{mso-style-name:mw-headline;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1458523979;
mso-list-template-ids:1868334804;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Random House did not publish Nazi propaganda. It was purchased in 1998 by a major German publishing corporation, C. Bertelsmann Verlag, who did publish Nazi material. I apologize for not independently verify the links in the previous article.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Rose Huskey<o:p></o:p></p><h2><span class=mw-headline>History</span><o:p></o:p></h2><h3><span class=mw-headline>1835 to 2000</span><o:p></o:p></h3><p>The <i>C. Bertelsmann Verlag</i> was founded as a publishing house and print shop in July 1835 by Carl Bertelsmann. At first Bertelsmann concentrated on Christian songs and books. In 1851, led by Carl Bertelsmann's son Heinrich, the company began publishing novels. During the following years Bertelsmann expanded steadily. By 1939 the publishing house employed 401 people. During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Bertelsmann was the biggest single producer of Nazi propaganda. Its owner, Heinrich Mohn, is said to have belonged to a group that donated money to the Nazi squadron <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutz_Staffel" title="Schutz Staffel">SS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> At the end of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the publishing house was closed for some time because of illegal paper-trading. During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism" title=Nazism>Nazi</a> period, it published books by Nazi authors such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Vesper" title="Will Vesper">Will Vesper</a> (who did the commemorative speech at the 1933 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">book burning</a>) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Hans Grimm</a>. In 1947, the company was re-founded by Reinhard Mohn, fifth generation of the Bertelsmann family. In 2002 a commission appointed by the company itself found that it had co-operated closely with the Nazis during the war, and had also used Jewish prisoners in the form of slave labor.<sup id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohn-bueste-gt.jpg"><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=220 height=240 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mohn-bueste-gt.jpg/220px-Mohn-bueste-gt.jpg"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohn-bueste-gt.jpg" title=""Enlarge" "><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=15 height=11 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.png@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>A 1986 bust of Reinhard Mohn, on display in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtmuseum_G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Stadtmuseum Gütersloh">Stadtmuseum Gütersloh</a><o:p></o:p></p><p>In the 1950s, Bertelsmann expanded with the bookclub <i>Bertelsmann Leserring</i> (Book Club) and entered the music market with the founding of the LP label <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariola_Records" title="Ariola Records">Ariola Records</a></i> in 1958. In 1964 Bertelsmann entered the movie market with the purchase of the <i>Ufa Filmproduktionsgesellschaft</i>. It sold Ufa's cinema chain in the 1970s. In 1969, Bertelsmann bought into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruner_%2B_Jahr" title="Gruner + Jahr">Gruner und Jahr</a> publishing house (newspapers, magazines) and took majority ownership in 1973.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Since the 1980s, Bertelsmann has expanded internationally: in 1979 it bought the American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista</a> label, in 1980 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>, in 1986 the label <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Victor</a> and the publishing house <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubleday_%28publisher%29" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. It has distributed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windham_Hill_Records" title="Windham Hill Records">Windham Hill Records</a> since 1989. In 1992 it acquired 50% of Windham Hill Records and in 1996 it took full control. During this period the activities in the music market were bundled into the label <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG" title=BMG>BMG</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 1993, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Mohn" title="Reinhard Mohn">Reinhard Mohn</a> as owner of Bertelsmann moved 68.8% of his Bertelsmann AG stock over to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Foundation" title="Bertelsmann Foundation">Bertelsmann Foundation</a>. As of 2006, the Mohn family still owns 74.9 of Bertelsmann's capital, in addition of the Bertelsmann foundation.<o:p></o:p></p><p>From 1995 to 2000 Bertelsmann had a major <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a> (and associated content) joint venture with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL" title=AOL>AOL</a> that operated throughout Europe.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 1995 the <i>Ufa Film- und Fernseh-GmbH</i> merged with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Luxembourgeoise_de_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion" title="Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion">CLT</a>, Luxembourg. The result was known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL Group</a>, the biggest private radio and TV broadcaster in Europe.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 1998 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Middelhoff" title="Thomas Middelhoff">Thomas Middelhoff</a> became CEO of Bertelsmann. He bought the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> publishing house and concentrated the group's worldwide book publishing operations under this label.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 1999, Bertelsmann launched bol.com, the internet book retailer.<o:p></o:p></p><h3><span class=mw-headline>2000 to 2010</span><o:p></o:p></h3><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bertlesman-tower.jpg"><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=220 height=293 id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image003.jpg@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bertlesman-tower.jpg/220px-Bertlesman-tower.jpg"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bertlesman-tower.jpg" title=""Enlarge" "><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=15 height=11 id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image002.png@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Building" title="Bertelsmann Building">Bertelsmann Building</a> in New York City, Bertelsmann's North American headquarters<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 2000, Bookspan was created as a joint-venture between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Warner" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> and Bertelsmann until 2007 when Bertelsmann took over complete ownership.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In February 2001, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Bruxelles_Lambert" title="Groupe Bruxelles Lambert">Groupe Bruxelles Lambert</a>, headed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fr%C3%A8re" title="Albert Frère">Albert Frère</a>, purchased 25% of Bertelsmann AG. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Desmarais" title="André Desmarais">André Desmarais</a>, President and Chief Executive Officer, Power Corporation of Canada, was named to the board. In July 2002, the CEO Thomas Middelhoff left the company because of disagreements concerning the company's strategy, in particular relating to his plans to float the company's share on the stockmarkets.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 2002 Bertelsmann admitted that they lied about their involvement with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and the Nazi party, which included making profits from slave labour and publishing propaganda. The revelations came to light during their takeover of US book publisher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> in 1998; Bertelsmann used a revised account of their Nazi past to smooth the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p>In 2003, the new CEO <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_Thielen" title="Gunter Thielen">Gunter Thielen</a> expanded the music branch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG" title=BMG>BMG</a> with the buying of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomba_Records" title="Zomba Records">Zomba Records</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In 2004, BMG set up a joint-venture with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a> to create <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_BMG" title="Sony BMG">Sony BMG</a>, reducing the Big Five of music companies to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_music_market" title="World music market">Big Four</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG_Music_Publishing" title="BMG Music Publishing">BMG Music Publishing</a>, the world's third largest music publisher, remained wholly owned by Bertelsmann at the time, but was sold to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing" title="Universal Music Publishing">Universal Music Publishing</a> in 2006.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Also in 2004, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">London Borough of Camden</a>, England, brought <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour_order" title="Anti-social behaviour order">anti-social behaviour orders</a> (ASBOs) against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony" title=Sony>Sony Music UK</a> and BMG Entertainment for alleged <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_posting" title="Fly posting">fly posting</a>. Illegal fly posting by the two companies is thought to save them £8 million a year in advertising costs in Camden and cost the Borough £250,000 to clean up. Failing to comply with an ASBO can result in a jail sentence of up to 5 years.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In July 2006 Bertelsmann AG purchased back 25% of own company from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Bruxelles_Lambert" title="Groupe Bruxelles Lambert">Groupe Bruxelles Lambert</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><p>As of September 1, 2007, Bertelsmann agreed to pay music publishers $130 million to settle a copyright infringement lawsuit brought on by its deal with Napster.<sup id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p>On January 1, 2008, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Ostrowski" title="Hartmut Ostrowski">Hartmut Ostrowski</a> became the new Chairman and CEO of Bertelsmann, replacing Gunter Thielen.<sup id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p>On April 23, 2008, the company announced that it planned to publish a one-volume encyclopedia in September using content from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Wikipedia" title="German Wikipedia">German-language Wikipedia</a>. The volume is sold since September 15, 2008 and includes abbreviated entries for the 50,000 most commonly used search terms of the prior two years.<sup id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p>On October 1, 2008 Bertelsmann completed the sale of its 50% stake in Sony BMG to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corporation_of_America" title="Sony Corporation of America">Sony Corporation of America</a>. Sony has since renamed its now wholly owned music business to Sony Music Entertainment. These two divestitures marked the end of the Bertelsmann Music Group division and the selected assets that Bertelsmann decided to retain from these sell-offs will be the basis of a forthcoming BMG branded division, <b><i>BMG Rights Management</i></b>, which will focus on building, managing and marketing artist rights.<o:p></o:p></p><p>On October 3, 2009, Reinhard Mohn died at age 88.<o:p></o:p></p><h3><span class=mw-headline>2010 to present</span><o:p></o:p></h3><p>On October 10, 2011, it was announced that Thomas Rabe would be elevated from CFO to CEO, succeeding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Ostrowski" title="Hartmut Ostrowski">Hartmut Ostrowski</a> from January 1, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><p>On August 20, 2012, Bertelsmann changed its legal form from "Bertelsmann AG" to "Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA", a partnership limited by shares (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_partnership#Germany" title="Limited partnership">KGaA</a>). KGaA is a proven legal form for businesses owned by families or foundations that is widely used in Germany.<o:p></o:p></p><p>In October 2012, Bertelsmann entered into talks with rival conglomerate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a>, over the possibility of combining their respective publishing companies, Random House and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. The houses are considered two of the "Big Six" publishing companies.<sup id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></p><h2><span class=mw-headline>Operations</span><o:p></o:p></h2><p class=MsoNormal>See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Bertelsmann" title="List of assets owned by Bertelsmann">List of assets owned by Bertelsmann</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bertelsmann_Building.JPG"><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=300 height=225 id="Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image004.jpg@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bertelsmann_Building.JPG/300px-Bertelsmann_Building.JPG"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bertelsmann_Building.JPG" title=""Enlarge" "><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=15 height=11 id="Picture_x0020_6" src="cid:image002.png@01CF89B0.60A85E10" alt="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The current Bertelsmann headquarters in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title=Gütersloh>Gütersloh</a>, Germany<o:p></o:p></p><p>Bertelsmann is currently organized into the following six divisions:<o:p></o:p></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Corporate: Comprising the companies corporate center functions and corporate investments, such as the VC arm BDMI, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG</a> music business and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Group" title="Direct Group">Direct Group</a> business area surrounding bookstores and e-commerce activities<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL Group</a>, Europe's biggest broadcaster of radio and television, which is also the parent to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FremantleMedia" title=FremantleMedia>FremantleMedia</a> movie and TV production enterprise, the largest of its kind outside Hollywood<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruner_%2B_Jahr" title="Gruner + Jahr">Gruner + Jahr</a>, one of the biggest magazine publishing houses in Europe<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>, the world's largest general interest trade book publishing company<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvato_services" title="Arvato services">Arvato</a>, an international media and communications service provider<o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Be_Printers&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Be Printers (page does not exist)">Be Printers</a>, an international group of companies offering printing solutions and communications services<o:p></o:p></li></ul><p>BMG Rights Management replaced the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group" title="Bertelsmann Music Group">music publishing and recorded music business</a>, concentrating on music rights management. Together with its five major divisions Bertelsmann holds assets in more than 200 companies and enterprises worldwide. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Group" title="Direct Group">Direct Group</a> was disbanded as a separate corporate entity in June 2011, its businesses subsequently being transferred to the Corporate Investments division in Bertelsmann's Gütersloh corporate headquarters.<o:p></o:p></p><h2><span class=mw-headline>Ownership</span><o:p></o:p></h2><p>Bertelsmann is not publicly listed and is majority owned (77.4%) by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Foundation" title="Bertelsmann Foundation">Bertelsmann Foundation</a>, a non-profit organisation and political think tank set up by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Mohn" title="Liz Mohn">Mohn</a> family, which in turn privately owns the remaining 22.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fr%C3%A8re" title="Albert Frère">Albert Frère</a>, a Belgian industrialist, owned 25% of Bertelsmann until 2006.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>