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<div class="">August 15, 2013</div>
<h1>Moment of Truthiness</h1>
<h6 class="">By
<span>
<a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/paulkrugman/index.html" rel="author" title="More Articles by PAUL KRUGMAN"><span>PAUL KRUGMAN</span></a></span></h6>
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<p>
We all know how democracy is supposed to work. Politicians are supposed
to campaign on the issues, and an informed public is supposed to cast
its votes based on those issues, with some allowance for the
politicians’ perceived character and competence. </p>
<p>
We also all know that the reality falls far short of the ideal. Voters
are often misinformed, and politicians aren’t reliably truthful. Still,
we like to imagine that voters generally get it right in the end, and
that politicians are eventually held accountable for what they do.
</p>
<p>
But is even this modified, more realistic vision of democracy in action
still relevant? Or has our political system been so degraded by
misinformation and disinformation that it can no longer function?
</p>
<p>
Well, consider the case of the budget deficit — an issue that dominated
Washington discussion for almost three years, although it has recently
receded. </p>
<p>
You probably won’t be surprised to hear that voters are poorly informed
about the deficit. But you may be surprised by just how misinformed.
</p>
<p>
In <a title="A pdf" href="http://www.princeton.edu/%7Ebartels/thinking.pdf">a well-known paper with the discouraging title</a>,
“It Feels Like We’re Thinking,” the political scientists Christopher
Achen and Larry Bartels reported on a 1996 survey that asked voters
whether the budget deficit had increased or decreased under President
Clinton. In fact, the deficit was down sharply, but a plurality of
voters — and a majority of Republicans — believed that it had gone up.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/09/a-poll-id-like-to-see/">I wondered on my blog</a>
what a similar survey would show today, with the deficit falling even
faster than it did in the 1990s. Ask and ye shall receive: Hal Varian,
the chief economist of Google, offered to run a Google Consumer Survey —
a service the company normally sells to market researchers — on the
question. So we asked whether the deficit has gone up or down since
January 2010. And <a href="http://www.google.com/insights/consumersurveys/view?survey=qyz5ytgc2grp4&question=1&filter=&rw=1">the results were even worse</a>
than in 1996: A majority of those who replied said the deficit has gone
up, with more than 40 percent saying that it has gone up a lot. Only 12
percent answered correctly that it has gone down a lot. </p>
<p>
Am I saying that voters are stupid? Not at all. People have lives, jobs,
children to raise. They’re not going to sit down with Congressional
Budget Office reports. Instead, they rely on what they hear from
authority figures. The problem is that much of what they hear is
misleading if not outright false. </p>
<p>
The outright falsehoods, you won’t be surprised to learn, tend to be
politically motivated. In those 1996 data, Republicans were much more
likely than Democrats to hold false views about the deficit, and the
same must surely be true today. After all, Republicans made a lot of
political hay over a supposedly runaway deficit early in the Obama
administration, and they have maintained the same rhetoric even as the
deficit has plunged. Thus Eric Cantor, the third-ranking Republican in
the House, <a href="http://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/05/someone-tell-cantor-the-deficit-is-shrinking/?_r=0">declared on Fox News</a> that we have a “growing deficit,” while <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/08/09/wonkbook-rand-pauls-rough-interview/">Senator Rand Paul told Bloomberg Businessweek</a> that we’re running “a trillion-dollar deficit every year.” </p>
<p>
Do people like Mr. Cantor or Mr. Paul know that what they’re saying
isn’t true? Do they care? Probably not. In Stephen Colbert’s famous
formulation, claims about runaway deficits may not be true, but they
have truthiness, and that’s all that matters. </p>
<p>
Still, aren’t there umpires for this sort of thing — trusted,
nonpartisan authorities who can and will call out purveyors of
falsehood? Once upon a time, I think, there were. But these days the
partisan divide runs very deep, and even those who try to play umpire
seem afraid to call out falsehood. Incredibly, the fact-checking site <a href="http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2013/aug/05/eric-cantor/eric-cantor-says-federal-deficit-growing/">PolitiFact rated Mr. Cantor’s flatly false statement</a> as “half true.” </p>
<p>
Now, Washington still does have some “wise men,” people who are treated
with special deference by the news media. But when it comes to the issue
of the deficit, the supposed wise men turn out to be part of the
problem. People like Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles, the co-chairmen of
President Obama’s deficit commission, did a lot to feed public anxiety
about the deficit when it was high. <a href="http://www.fiscalcommission.gov/news/moment-truth-report-national-commission-fiscal-responsibility-and-reform">Their report was ominously titled</a>
“The Moment of Truth.” So have they changed their tune as the deficit
has come down? No — so it’s no surprise that the narrative of runaway
deficits remains even though the budget reality has completely changed.
</p>
<p>
Put it all together, and it’s a discouraging picture. We have an
ill-informed or misinformed electorate, politicians who gleefully add to
the misinformation and watchdogs who are afraid to bark. And to the
extent that there are widely respected, not-too-partisan players, they
seem to be fostering, not fixing, the public’s false impressions.
</p>
<p>
So what should we be doing? Keep pounding away at the truth, I guess,
and hope it breaks through. But it’s hard not to wonder how this system
is supposed to work. </p>
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<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br>
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