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<div class="">June 22, 2013</div>
<h1>Profiting From Pain</h1>
<h6 class="">By
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<a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/barry_meier/index.html" rel="author" title="More Articles by BARRY MEIER"><span>BARRY MEIER</span></a></span></h6>
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<p>
THE use of narcotic painkillers, or opioids, has boomed over the past
decade as drug makers and doctors have promoted them for a new use:
treating long-term pain from back injuries, headaches, <a href="http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/arthritis/overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="In-depth reference and news articles about Arthritis and Rheumatism." class="">arthritis</a>
and conditions like fibromyalgia. Insurers have also grown to see pills
as a cheaper way to treat chronic pain than other methods. </p>
<p>
Some patients are greatly helped by opioids, a large family of
medications. Among the more widely used opioids are oxycodone, which is
found in Percocet and OxyContin, and hydrocodone, which is used in
Vicodin. Other potent opioids include fentanyl and methadone. Narcotic
painkillers are now the most widely prescribed class of medications in
the United States, and prescriptions for the strongest opioids,
including OxyContin, have increased nearly fourfold over the past
decade. </p>
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There is increasing evidence, however, that such drugs, along with being
widely abused, are often ineffective in treating long-term pain and can
have serious consequences, particularly when used in high doses. Along
with the risk of addiction, side effects can include psychological
dependence, reduced drive, extreme <a href="http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/fatigue/overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="In-depth reference and news articles about Fatigue." class="">lethargy</a> and <a href="http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/sleep-apnea/overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="In-depth reference and news articles about Sleep Apnea." class="">sleep apnea</a>. </p>
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The economic costs associated with the painkiller boom have also proved
enormous, giving rise to a host of unanticipated medical, legal and
social costs. Over the past decade, the legal — and illegal — use of
these drugs has given birth to new businesses and expanded existing
ones. These include urine-screening tests to make sure patients are
taking the drugs properly, added sales of addiction treatment drugs,
growing emergency-room expenses, law-enforcement budgets and
skyrocketing costs for insurers. </p>
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In the short run, treating a patient with an opioid like OxyContin,
which costs about $6,000 a year, is less expensive than putting a
patient through a pain-treatment program that emphasizes <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/physicaltherapy/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="Recent and archival health news about physical therapy." class="">physical therapy</a>
and behavior modification. But over time, such programs, which run from
$15,000 to $25,000, might yield far lower costs. </p>
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<a title="Graphic." href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/23/sunday-review/the-soaring-cost-of-the-opioid-economy.html">Here is a brief guide</a> to the economics of opioids. </p>
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<p>Barry Meier is a reporter who covers business and medicine for The
New York Times and the author of the Times e-book “A World of Hurt:
Fixing Pain Medicine’s Biggest Mistake.”</p> </div>
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