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<div class=""> </div></div><div id="dealbook"><div align="left"><span class="" title="2013-03-14T17:04:20+00:00">March 14, 2013, <span>5:04 pm</span></span><h3 class="">JPMorgan Faulted on Controls and Disclosure in Trading Loss</h3>
<address class="">By <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/author/jessica-silver-greenberg/" class="" title="See all posts by JESSICA SILVER-GREENBERG">JESSICA SILVER-GREENBERG</a> <span>and</span> <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/author/ben-protess/" class="" title="See all posts by BEN PROTESS">BEN PROTESS</a></address><div class="">
<p><a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=JPM&inline=nyt-org">JPMorgan Chase</a>,
the nation’s biggest bank, ignored internal controls and manipulated
documents as it racked up trading losses last year, while its
influential chief executive, <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/d/james_dimon/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Jamie Dimon</a>, briefly withheld some information from regulators, a new Senate report says.</p>
<p>The
findings by the Congressional investigators shed new light on the
multibillion-dollar trading blunder, which has claimed the jobs of
several top executives and prompted an inquiry by the <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/f/federal_bureau_of_investigation/index.html?inline=nyt-org">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>.
The 300-page report, released a day before a Senate subcommittee plans
to question bank executives and regulators at a hearing, will escalate
the debate over how to police complex risk-taking on Wall Street. It may
also foreshadow a criminal case against employees at the heart of the
troubled wager.</p><p>A spokeswoman for the bank said on Thursday,
“While we have repeatedly acknowledged significant mistakes, our senior
management acted in good faith and never had any intent to mislead
anyone.”</p><p>Mr. Dimon, whose reputation as an astute manager of risk
has been undercut by the trading losses, comes under the harshest
criticism yet from the Senate investigators. The chief executive signed
off on changes to an internal alarm system that underestimated losses,
seemingly contradicting his earlier statements to lawmakers, according
to the report.</p><p>He is also accused of withholding from regulators
details about the investment bank’s daily losses — and then raising “his
voice in anger” at a deputy who later turned over the information.</p><p>While
people close to the matter dispute whether the outburst actually
happened, it illustrates a broader problem at JPMorgan: after emerging
from the financial crisis in far better shape than rivals, the bank saw
itself as being above its regulators. The bank was so filled with
hubris, Senate investigators said, that an executive once screamed at
examiners and called them “stupid.”</p><p>The bipartisan report, citing
some of the same private documents that F.B.I. agents are now poring
over, also highlighted how JPMorgan managers “pressured” traders to
lowball losses by $660 million, a previously undisclosed figure, and
then played down the problems to authorities.</p><p>The bank’s trader
who became known as the London Whale — because of the outsize
derivatives trades at the center of the bank’s losses, which now total
more than $6 billion — told a colleague last year that the bank’s
estimated losses were “getting idiotic,” according to a transcript of
their phone conversation cited by the subcommittee. The trader, Bruno
Iksil, added that “I can’t keep this going” and that he didn’t know
where his boss in London “wants to stop.”</p><p>Federal investigators,
seeking Mr. Iksil’s side of the story, now plan to interview the trader
overseas, according to people briefed on the investigation.</p><p>After
examining hundreds of e-mails and hours of taped phone calls, the people
said, federal investigators also plan to interview top JPMorgan
executives in the coming weeks, including Mr. Dimon. While authorities
do not suspect the chief executive of wrongdoing, the meetings signal
that the case is at an advanced stage.</p><p>The breakdowns at both the bank and at its regulators, in particular the <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/comptroller_of_the_currency/index.html?inline=nyt-org">Office of the Comptroller of the Currency</a>, could galvanize support for new curbs on Wall Street trading.</p>
<p>Calling the bank’s trading strategy a “runaway train that barreled through every risk warning,” Senator <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/l/carl_levin/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Carl Levin</a>,
the Michigan Democrat who runs the Permanent Subcommittee on
Investigations, said that the bank “exposed daunting vulnerabilities” in
the financial system.</p><p>Demands from regulators for more
information were met with resistance at JPMorgan, the subcommittee said.
The pushback extended to the highest levels of the bank, the report
found, and was not limited to requests about the bank’s chief investment
office, where the losses took place.</p><p>For a brief period in 2012,
the subcommittee said, JPMorgan stopped providing profit and loss
reports for the investment bank to the comptroller’s office. Mr. Dimon,
the subcommittee said, had choked off delivery of the reports because he
thought “it was too much information to provide.”</p><p>Some people
briefed on the matter dispute that characterization, noting that the
reports were briefly halted because of security concerns.</p><p>Yet at
other times, the bank was not fully forthcoming, Senate investigators
said. During a meeting in January 2012 with the comptroller’s office,
JPMorgan said it intended to reduce the size of the complex trading bet.
Instead, the bank increased the positions.</p><p>Ina Drew, who headed
the chief investment office, balked at the regulator’s demands for more
information, resisting them as “unnecessary and intrusive,” the
subcommittee said in its report.</p><p>Bryan Hubbard, a spokesman for
the currency office, said the agency acknowledged there “were
shortcomings in the O.C.C. supervision leading up to and responding to
the unfolding events” with JPMorgan’s chief investment office.</p><p>He
added that “as the bank revealed the true nature of the C.I.O. operation
and the level of loss exposure, the comptroller escalated the agency’s
response and ordered a two-pronged review into the bank’s actions as
well as the O.C.C.’s.”</p><p>JPMorgan faces the most scrutiny over its
lowball estimates of losses, the topic of the F.B.I.’s investigation.
While traders have leeway to value their losses, the bank in 2012 moved
from marking them in a “middle range” to some of the most generous
possible figures.</p><p>One junior trader in London, Julien Grout, told
Mr. Iksil in a recorded phone conversation: “I am not marking at mids as
per a previous conversation.” For five days in March, Mr. Grout also
kept a spreadsheet that tracked the difference between his valuations
and the midpoint. The documents, according to the subcommittee, showed
that his valuations underestimated the losses by $432 million.</p><p>The
bank’s controller, alerted to potential problems, issued an internal
report in May 2012 that essentially cleared the traders of wrongdoing.
The marks, according to the report, were “consistent with industry
practices.”</p><p>But JPMorgan, the subcommittee noted, later had to restate its earnings to reflect the overly rosy estimates.</p><p>“The bank said the markings complied with the standards of the industry,” Mr. Levin said. “We don’t think that’s true.”</p>
<p>Mr.
Levin called for new rules that would force banks to strengthen their
methods for valuing their trades. He also urged regulators to finalize
the so-called <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/v/volcker_rule/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">Volcker Rule</a>, which would prevent banks from making such bets with their own money.</p>
<p>JPMorgan,
the subcommittee noted, “mischaracterized high risk trading as
hedging,” or mitigating risk, which is allowed under the Volcker Rule.
Douglas Braunstein, the bank’s chief financial officer, told analysts in
April that the position “is consistent” with a proposed version of the
Volcker Rule, a conclusion that the subcommittee dismissed as false.</p><p>One regulator wrote in a May 2012 e-mail that the position was a “make believe voodoo magic ‘composite hedge.’ ”</p><p>As
the traders in London assembled increasingly complex bets, JPMorgan
ignored its own risk alarms, according to investigators. In the first
four months of 2012 alone, the report found, the chief investment office
breached five of its critical risk controls more than 330 times.</p><p>Instead
of scaling back the risk, though, JPMorgan changed how it measured it,
in a metric known as value at risk, or VaR, in January 2012, enabling
the traders to continue building the big bets, the subcommittee found.</p><p>The
report provides further detail about what Mr. Dimon knew about the
changed alarm system. Mr. Dimon told the subcommittee that he couldn’t
“recall any details in connection with approving the VaR limit
increase.”</p><p>But Mr. Dimon personally authorized JPMorgan to temporarily increase the measure, writing in a January 2012 e-mail, “I approve.”</p></div></div></div><div id="footer"><ul><li><a target="_parent" href="http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/copyright.html">Copyright 2013</a> <a href="http://www.nytco.com/">The New York Times Company</a></li>
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