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<div class=""> </div></div><div id="opinionator"><div align="left"><span class="" title="2013-02-14T21:00:22+00:00">February 14, 2013, <span>9:00 pm</span></span><h3 class="">Downton and Downward</h3><address class="">By <a href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/author/timothy-egan/" class="" title="See all posts by TIMOTHY EGAN">TIMOTHY EGAN</a></address><div class="">
<p>Like
everyone else with a perverse curiosity about a castle-bound community
fussing over whether to use a bouillon or a melon spoon, I've been
consumed by the turns in "Downton Abbey," the latest export from England
to keep American public television afloat.</p><p>In a season of
haute-soap plot twists, the story of the working-class Irishman, Tom
Branson, whose marriage to Lady Sybil gives him a life leap in upward
mobility, is worth examining for what it says about class, then and
now. Branson is still "the chauffeur" to a family living on moldered
wealth, and his brother the car mechanic is "a drunken gorilla" for
asking if there's any beer in the House of Lord Grantham.</p><p>But if
someone with grease on his hands and an accent from a
workaday neighborhood can rise to an estate management position in the
rigid British class system, what, by comparison, are we to make of the
American experience nearly a century removed?</p><p>Oh, but we are a
nation free of class conflict, we tell ourselves daily, and live with
the illusion that everyone with a job is somehow middle class. Our
core, motivational narrative is that anyone with gumption and good luck
can rise to a comfortable tier. They don't call that the British Dream.<br><br>And
yet, a raft of recent studies has found the United States to be a less
upwardly mobile society than many comparable nations, particularly for
men. One survey reported that 42 percent of American boys raised in the
bottom fifth of income stayed there as adults. For Britain, the numbers
were <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/us/harder-for-americans-to-rise-from-lower-rungs.html?pagewanted=all">better by 30 percent</a>. Just 8 percent of American men made the jump from the lowest fifth to the highest fifth, compared to 12 percent for the Brits.</p>
<p>The
fictional Branson, of course, marries upward in a country that George
Orwell called "the most class-ridden society under the sun." Their
world, in which a tuxedoed toiler's main job in life is to dress a grown
man and wipe the dandruff from his collar, is part of the archaic draw
of "Downton Abbey."</p><p>But shocking though it is for a chauffeur to
marry into a post-Edwardian estate, can you imagine an American cab
driver tying the knot with a Hilton, a Rockefeller or a hedge fund
manager's daughter? On "Downton," upstairs and downstairs are in close,
albeit strictly defined, contact. Rich and poor seldom encounter each
other in the United States.</p><p>It's painful to read that Britain,
much of Western Europe, and Canada are becoming more socially and
economically fluid while the United States hardens its class arteries.
Even in our bleakest time, the Great Depression, the presidential aide
Harold Ickes said, "Life for us would not be worth living if we did not
have this urge to reach for what will always seem beyond our reach."</p><p>The
urge remains. The character is unchanged. What's different now are the
opportunities, and the hard fact that too many of those born at the
bottom of the economic ladder are likely to stay there.</p><p>Class
stagnation was the underlying theme of President Obama's State of the
Union speech on Tuesday. He called on us to "restore the basic bargain,"
and outlined a few things - universal preschool, more help for college
students - that are proven elevators to a better station in life.</p><p>The
Republican response, from Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, was
illustrative of Obama's point - though unintentionally. This son of a
bartender said, "More government isn't going to help you get ahead. It's
going to hold you back." The Rubio story proves otherwise. He said he
couldn't have gone to college without financial aid. He made his money
by leveraging a government job in politics. His Cuban-born parents can
live in elderly dignity, as he noted, because of that great government
product, Medicare.</p><p>As a footnote, Rubio noted that he still lives
in "the same working class neighborhood I grew up in." Not for long. The
four-bedroom home with a pool is on the market for $675,000. Good for
him. But please, don't make the preposterous claim that government
"limited" his jump in class.</p><p>Short of winning the lottery,
education is the best route to a change in class status. Yet, because of
the obsolete, factory-like nature of high school, which fails to propel
at least a third of its students, and the confiscatory cost of college,
the next rung up for 18-year-olds is becoming another haven for the
rich.</p><p>"Education, a force meant to erode class barriers, appears to be fortifying them," my colleague <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/education/poor-students-struggle-as-class-plays-a-greater-role-in-success.html?pagewanted=all">Jason De Parle wrote</a>
in one of many terrific pieces on the decline of the American Dream.
The affluent, by a whopping 45 point gap, are more likely to finish
college than those without means. While family income has been flat or
has fallen, the cost of attending a public university has risen 60
percent in the past two decades.</p><p>Obama mentioned a vague plan for
more flexible college grants, and a "scorecard" so parents can get more
bang for their buck - a small start. The ambitious call to make
preschool available to "every child in America," shows more promise.</p><p>Republicans
have expressed little interest in fixing the class divide, and are
likely to block every Obama initiative, just because they can. Despite
Rubio's protestations, his party is the defender of a status quo that
has made the United States a case study in income inequality.</p><p>They
would do well to remember the words of Andrew Carnegie, the capitalist
who gave away his vast fortune. Carnegie was born in a single-room
weaver's cottage in Scotland, and saw the British class system at its
worst before he moved to America. "There is no class so pitiably
wretched," he concluded late in life, "as that which possesses money and
nothing else."</p></div></div></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br>
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