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<div class="">December 19, 2012</div>
<h1>Looking for Lessons in Newtown</h1>
<h6 class="">By
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<a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/nicholasdkristof/index.html" rel="author" title="More Articles by NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF"><span>NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF</span></a></span></h6>
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<p>
After <a title="Last Sunday’s column" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/opinion/sunday/kristof-do-we-have-the-courage-to-stop-this.html">my column a few days ago</a>
urging tighter gun control, I faced incoming salvos from firearm
enthusiasts. Let me respond to some of their arguments: </p>
<p>
<em>Don’t politicize the tragedy in Connecticut. This is a time for mourning, not for demonizing gun-owners.</em> </p>
<p>
Oh, come on! The president and Congress are supposed to address national
problems — and every two months, we lose more Americans to gun violence
than we did in the 9/11 attacks, according to data from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. </p>
<p>
<a title="A pdf" href="http://www.childrensdefense.org/child-research-data-publications/data/protect-children-not-guns-2012.pdf">A study by the Children’s Defense Fund found</a> that we lose some 2,800 children and teenagers to guns annually. </p>
<p>
That’s more than the number of American troops who have died in any year in <a href="http://icasualties.org/">Iraq and Afghanistan combined</a>.
More than twice as many preschoolers die annually from gun violence in
America as law enforcement officers are killed in the line of duty.
</p>
<p>
So this is a time for mourning, yes, but it’s time for President Obama to display leadership as well as grief. </p>
<p>
<em>What happened in Newtown, Conn., was heartbreaking, but gun laws are
feel-good measures that don’t make a difference. Norway has very
restrictive gun laws, but it had its own massacre of 77 people.</em> </p>
<p>
It’s true that <a title="A pdf" href="http://www.sas.upenn.edu/jerrylee/research/aw_final2004.pdf">the 1994 assault weapons ban was not very effective</a>,
even before it expired (partly because it had trouble defining assault
weapons, and partly because handguns kill more people than assault
rifles). But if that law’s ban on the sale of high-capacity magazines
had still been in effect, Adam Lanza, the gunman in Newtown, might have
had to reload three times as often. </p>
<p>
As for Norway, its laws did not prevent <a title="A Times article from July 2011" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/world/europe/23oslo.html">the massacre there</a>
last year. But, in a typical year, Norway has 10 or fewer gun murders.
The United States has more than that in eight hours. </p>
<p>
<em>If people want to kill, you can’t stop them. Even a fork can be
deadly. On the same day as the Connecticut tragedy, a man attacked 23
schoolchildren in China with a knife.</em> </p>
<p>
But, in <a title="An Associated Press report" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/17/china-school-attack-doomsday-rumors_n_2313876.html">the attack in China</a>,
not one of those children died. What makes guns different is their
lethality. That’s why the military doesn’t arm our troops with forks.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm">Gun suicides</a> (nearly 19,000 a year in the U.S.) outnumber <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/homicide.htm">gun murders</a> (more than 11,000), and <a href="http://ajl.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/02/01/1559827610396294">a gun in the home</a>
increases the risk that someone in the home will commit suicide. The
reason is that suicide attempts with pills or razors often fail; with
guns, they succeed. When Israel moved to have many soldiers store guns
on base rather than at home, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21034205">its military suicide rates plunged</a>. </p>
<p>
<em>We have the Second Amendment, which protects our right to bear arms. So don’t talk about gun control!</em> </p>
<p>
There’s a reasonable argument that the Second Amendment confers an
individual right — to bear a musket. Beyond that, it’s more complicated.
Everybody agrees on a ban on fully automatic machine guns. The question
isn’t whether to limit the right to bear arms, but where to draw the
line. </p>
<p>
I’d like to see us <a title="A column from July" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/26/opinion/kristof-safe-from-fire-but-not-gone.html">take a public health approach</a>
that reduces the harm that guns cause. We could limit gun purchases to
one a month to impede traffickers, make serial numbers harder to file
off, ban high-capacity magazines, finance gun buybacks, require solid
background checks even for private gun sales, require microstamping so
that bullet casings can be traced back to a particular gun and mandate
that guns be stored in gun safes or with trigger locks. </p>
<p>
And if you need to enter a code to operate your cellphone, why not to fire your gun? </p>
<p>
<em>If you were at home at night and heard creaking downstairs, wouldn’t you want a Glock in your night stand?</em> </p>
<p>
Frankly, at that moment, I might. And then I might creep downstairs and
fire at a furtive figure in the darkened kitchen — perhaps my son
returning from college to surprise the family. Or, God forbid, somebody
who lives in the house might use the Glock to commit suicide. </p>
<p>
The gun lobby often cites the work of John Lott, who argued that more guns mean less crime, but <a title="A pdf" href="http://islandia.law.yale.edu/ayers/Ayres_Donohue_article.pdf">scholars have since thoroughly debunked Lott’s arguments</a>. Published research makes it clear that having <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764330">a gun in the home simply makes it more likely that you will be shot</a> — by your partner or by yourself. Americans are safer if they rely on 911 for protection rather than on a gun. </p>
<p>
Nancy Lanza is a case in point. She perhaps thought that her guns would
keep her safe. But they were used to kill her and then schoolchildren.
</p>
<p>
As children were being rushed out of Sandy Hook Elementary School, they
were told to cover their eyes. I hope we don’t do the same and blind
ourselves to the lessons of this tragedy. </p>
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<p style="text-align:center">•</p>
<p>I invite you to visit my blog, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/ontheground">On the Ground</a>. Please also join me on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/kristof">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/102839963139173448834/posts?hl=en">Google+</a>, watch my <a href="http://www.youtube.com/nicholaskristof">YouTube videos</a> and follow me on <a href="http://twitter.com/nickkristof">Twitter</a>.</p>
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