<h1 class="entry-title">Who Killed the Twinkie?</h1>
<div class="byline">Posted by <cite class="vcard author"><a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/james_surowiecki/search?contributorName=James%20Surowiecki" title="search site for content by James Surowiecki" rel="author">James Surowiecki</a></cite></div>
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<p><img alt="hostess.jpg" src="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/hostess.jpg" class="mt-image-center" style="text-align: center; display: block; margin: 0 auto 20px;" height="310" width="465"></p><p>Hostess
Brands is not dead just yet, but the prospects for the company’s
survival are now dim at best. Hostess—which still makes iconic food
products (or sort of food products) like Twinkies and Ding Dongs—went
into Chapter 11 back in January for the second time in eight years, in
an attempt to get out from under a pile of debt and labor obligations.
The company hoped, it seems, to be able to use bankruptcy protection as a
way of imposing cuts in wages and benefits on its unionized employees.
But last week, after Hostess put in place a contract that the bakers’
union said would end up cutting wages and benefits between twenty-seven
and thirty-two per cent (including an immediate eight per cent wage
cut), that union went on strike. Hostess claims the strike has
irreparably damaged production and made it impossible for it to continue
operating. As a result, on Friday the company asked a bankruptcy judge
to allow it to liquidate the company. If no deal is struck over the
weekend, and if the judge approves Hostess’s request, as of Monday
afternoon, it will be on its way out of business—its brands and
factories will be sold for whatever the company can get for them. A few
thousand workers will be kept on initially to wind things down, but most
of the nearly nineteen thousand employees will lose their jobs.</p>
<div id="entry-more"><p>Management, of course, blames the company’s
demise on the greedy, unreasonable unions. But, while the strike may
well have sent Hostess over the edge, the hard truth is that it probably
should have gone out of business a long time ago. The company has been
steadily losing money, and market share, for years. And its core problem
has not been excessively high compensation costs or pension
contributions. Its core problem has been that the market for its
products changed, but it did not. Twinkies and Ding Dongs obviously
aren’t anyone’s idea of the perfect twenty-first-century snack food.
More important, the theoretical flagship of Hostess’s product line,
Wonder Bread, has gone from being a key part of the archetypical
American diet to a tired also-ran. </p>
<p>Hostess’s management certainly bears some of the blame for its
failure to successfully adapt, though the company made numerous (and
failed) attempts to introduce healthier products. But the simple truth
is that this kind of failure is endemic to the system—there are always
going to be companies that are unable to change in response to the
marketplace. And those companies are supposed to go out of business. Not
to be too clichéd about it, but this is what creative destruction is
all about.</p>
<p>The problem, of course, is that that destruction is going to upend
the lives of thousands of workers. And to the extent, then, that
Hostess’s demise shows us something important about the plight of
organized labor today, it’s not that greedy workers have precipitated
their own demise. It’s rather that one of organized labor’s biggest
challenges over the past four decades has been that union strength was
concentrated in industries and among companies that, though once
dominant players in the postwar American economy, have often ended up in
a slow slide to obsolescence, employing fewer and fewer workers and
having less and less money to pay them with. In theory, unions could
have made up for this by organizing those companies and industries that
have become ascendant since the nineteen-seventies, but for a variety of
reasons (including a tougher corporate approach to union-busting, a
less friendly legal climate, the difficulty of organizing many small
enterprises as opposed to a few big factories, and a tendency to protect
existing members rather than put real money into organizing) they
haven’t. And the paradox is that as unions have gotten smaller and less
influential, they’ve also gotten less popular. That’s why it’s so easy
for Hostess’s management to spin the anti-union narrative.</p>
<p>The real issue here is that people’s image of unions, and their sense
that doing something like going on strike is legitimate, seems to
depend quite a bit, in the U.S., on how common unions are in the
workforce. When organized labor represented more than a third of
American workers, it was easy for unions to send the message that in
agitating for their own interests, union members were also helping
improve conditions for workers in general. But as unions have shrunk,
and have become increasingly concentrated in the public sector, it’s
become easier for people to dismiss them as just another special
interest, looking to hold onto perks that no one else gets. Perhaps the
most striking response to the Hostess news, in that sense, was <a href="https://twitter.com/NolteNC/statuses/269436500658249729">the tweet from conservative John Nolte</a>,
who wrote “Hostess strikers had pension. PENSIONS! What is this 1962?”
It was once taken for granted that an industrial worker who worked for a
big company for many years would get a solid middle-class lifestyle,
and would be taken care of in retirement. Today, that concept seems to
many like a relic. Just as Wonder Bread does.</p>
<p><em>Photograph by Daniel Acker/Bloomberg/Getty</em>.</p></div>
</div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br>
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