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<div class="post-13642 post type-post status-publish hentry category-uncategorized tag-bain-capital tag-financiers tag-mitt-romney tag-private-equity tag-public-pension-funds entry " id="entry-13642"> <div class="postMetaHeader">
<span class="kicker"><a href="http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/18/a-financier-in-chief/?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_20121019">Campaign Stops</a></span> <span class="timestamp published" title="October 18, 2012, 9:13 pm"> <span class="date">October 18, 2012, <em>9:13 pm</em></span></span><span class="postMetaHeaderCommentCount commentCount"></span></div>
<h1 class="entry-title">A Financier in Chief</h1> <address class="byline author vcard">By <a href="http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/author/peter-joseph/" class="url fn" title="See all posts by PETER JOSEPH">PETER JOSEPH</a></address><div class="entry-content">
<div class="w480"><br><span class="caption"></span></div><p>Mitt
Romney stakes his claim to being a better “job creator” than President
Obama largely on his success and experience in the private sector. After
the first two presidential debates, voters say that they trust him more
than the president on the economy and jobs, but it isn’t because Romney
has talked much about what Bain Capital actually does.</p><p>Romney has
chosen not to try to put the private equity business in a particularly
sympathetic light nor to explain it in a way that would enable voters to
see the connection between his financial activity and his ability to
create jobs. I understand his dilemma. As one who spent close to 25
years as a partner in two private equity firms, I can’t imagine that I
would ever want to try to explain the business during an American
political campaign.</p><p>So far, the media has focused on Romney’s
wealth, which he earned from founding one of the leading firms in the
business, a firm that maintains an impeccable reputation. This focus has
led to interest in Romney’s tax returns, which undoubtedly reflect the
sound professional advice of experts in tax and estate planning. Other
than identifying practices outside the experience of less
fortunate Americans, the attention has not identified anything other
than compliance with the intricacies of our tax code. One might feel
that Romney should have released more of his tax returns or should not
have been able to exploit an over-complicated tax code, but those issues
are a red herring, in a way. Let’s move past them for the moment and
instead try to understand exactly how private equity works and how
Romney’s experience would inform his presidency.</p><div class="w190 right module"><div class="entry"><blockquote><font size="4"><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><b>It is not the mission of the financier to create jobs. In fact, his mission is often to do just the opposite.</b></span></font></blockquote>
</div></div><p>The
key point, which has been at once over-discussed and misunderstood, is
that the best word for the job Romney did at Bain is financier. He
identified attractive investment opportunities and then deployed capital
(largely provided by others) to generate positive returns on those
investments. For example, imagine that you wish to buy a piece of real
estate and that you are able to get a mortgage for 99% of the purchase
price (this may stretch your imagination — where can I get a mortgage
like this? — but the world of private equity has different rules).</p><p>You
would have very little money at risk, but an opportunity, with
inflation or appreciation in real estate values, to pay off your
mortgage lender and keep 100% of the gain for yourself. In addition to
the skill of ferreting out an attractive investment opportunity, Romney
has demonstrated the ability to recruit and motivate managers who
actually create value by improving a business, as well as the ability to
attract the necessary capital from banks and institutional investors.
In short, Romney was an intermediary or broker between capital and
business opportunity.</p><p>It is essential to recognize that there is
only one significant benchmark of performance for a financier: internal
rate of return (I.R.R.), which is basically the rate at which a
particular investment grows. An investor who invests in a private equity
transaction only wants to know how the investment did. When it comes
to the means employed, ignorance is bliss. Unlike in the more
public corporate world, where boards, shareholders, customers and
sometimes public activists scrutinize the social implications of what a
business does, a financier’s performance is measured by one question:
what was the I.R.R.? </p><p>In pursuit of single-mindedly maximizing the
return on an investment, a financier must focus on how to increase a
company’s cash flow in order to create value, and herein lies Romney’s
greatest political difficulty. A businessman seeking to optimize
profitability will look to lower labor costs by reducing head-count,
whether through technology, out-sourcing, or rationalization. This is
right out of the basic playbook. It is not the mission of the financier
to create jobs. In fact, his mission is often to do just the opposite.</p><p>It
is also right out of the playbook to maximize cash flow by paying as
little in corporate taxes as possible. This is accomplished by managing
the level of taxable income, most commonly by using deductions like
interest expenses that result from a maximal level of debt. It is the
job of the financier to engage in sophisticated tax-planning, and most
business people understand and sympathize with this. Most American
voters faced with a job recession and a federal budget crisis do not.</p><p>Exactly
how do financiers like Romney make their money in the institutional
private equity business? When large institutions give investment
discretion over their funds to a financier, they need to assure
themselves that the financier will act as if the money were his own and
generally require the financier to make a significant co-investment
with his own funds. This basic philosophy of aligning the interests of
the financier with those of his investors also gave rise to the
compensation structure which has come to be known as carried interest
which, in essence, is a sharing of the profits earned on the investors’
capital. The carried interest is performance-based because it is earned
only if there has been real benefit to the institutional investor.
Unless the financier makes money for his investors, he doesn’t make
money for himself. In this context, Romney can point to his financial
success as directly attributable to his performance as an investment
manager.</p><p>But a third way Romney made his fortune was through
his participation in a highly lucrative fee structure that includes any
management, monitoring, transaction, financing and other fees generated
and taken by Bain for its services. Unlike performance-based
compensation, these fees create an adverse interest between the
financier and his institutional investors. They solely benefit the
financier and, to the extent they diminish the value of private equity
investment, they are detrimental to the institutional investors.</p><p>Over
the course of the last decade, the scale of the private equity business
has exploded in response to the search by institutional investors for
ever-higher returns. As a result, private equity increasingly became an
asset management business, virtually risk-free to the financiers, rather
than a shared-risk business as it was originally conceived. The
management and other fees that bring in millions of dollars regardless
of investment performance have overshadowed the performance-based
compensation for many firms and have created unimaginable wealth for
private equity firms, little of which has been shared by the people
providing the money. As a Bain founder, Romney has undoubtedly benefited
from the immense growth in the value of Bain’s franchise, even though
he has not been actively engaged in the business during this
recent period.</p><p>Perhaps the most uncomfortable aspect of private
equity for Romney to explain is the role of capital from the public
sector in driving its growth. In recent years, state and local public
employee pension funds have had greater and greater trouble keeping pace
with projected obligations to their beneficiaries. The causes of these
potential shortfalls vary: unreasonable actuarial assumptions in
calculating future benefits, substandard investment performance,
inadequate government support, and the unwillingness of politicians to
constrain benefit levels. Whatever the reason, the managers who run
these pension funds have responded to the anticipated funding gap by
seeking investments that offer ever-higher rates of return. In other
words, the management of the nest eggs of teachers, police,
firefighters, prison guards and other public employees has increasingly
been handed over to the captains of private equity.</p><p>Although
Romney is unlikely to admit it on the campaign trail, his much-vaunted
private sector success was based in significant part on the savings of
public sector workers. Romney constantly derides big government, but
government is made up of individuals, whose <a href="http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/look_who_parks_their_cash_at_bain_88KSQrw8BXciEidja2ZQXN">pension funds helped make him and Bain unimaginably rich</a>.
There is no doubt that these pension funds sought the higher returns
offered by private equity investing. But as the private equity business
grew, the public pension funds and other capital providers have
gotten the short end of the stick. They have not completely shared in
the value of the franchise that is created in part by their investment
in the industry. It seems odd to hear Romney criticize big government
without any acknowledgment that he has made much of his fortune managing
the retirement funds of many public employees.</p><p>Mitt Romney argues
that his time at Bain has real significance in terms of his
qualifications for the presidency. Many on Wall Street and in the
business community argue that he developed a keen sense, absent in
today’s White House, of the concerns of the private sector. But voters
need to consider whether the time he spent in single-minded pursuit of
profit as a financial intermediary has prepared him to tackle the
complex problems facing America, which can’t be reduced to a financial
model.</p><p>Romney’s financial success is admirable and enviable, but
it came by following the mantra of increasing cash flow, cutting jobs
and minimizing taxable income. Though the Obama campaign has tried to
exploit this with millions of dollars in anti-Bain ads, the real issue
is how Romney’s experience relates to a president’s need to balance
budgetary responsibility with the heavy lifting required to address our
collective concerns, our common obligations. We have heard a lot about
pragmatism and practicality, but I can assure you that compassion and
broader social concerns rarely make it into an investment memo. If
Romney really wants to push his Bain experience, Americans will have to
decide whether the answers to the problems facing them are best provided
by a financier president.</p><p><em>Peter Joseph is a private investor,
with more than twenty-five years in the private equity business. He
co-founded two private equity firms and invested on behalf of many
leading institutional investors.</em></p></div></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br>
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