<h2>Study finds that ocean acidification is accelerated in nutrient-rich areas</h2>
<h3><a href="http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2012/20120924_oceanacidification.html">http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2012/20120924_oceanacidification.html</a><br></h3><h3>Marine resources, coastal economies put at risk</h3>
<p id="releaseDate">September 24, 2012</p>
<p>Carbon dioxide released from decaying algal blooms, combined with
ongoing increases in atmospheric carbon emissions, leads to increased
levels of ocean acidification, and places additional stress on marine
resources and the coastal economies that depend on them, according to a
new study published today.</p>
<p>Ocean acidification occurs when the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere or from the breakdown of organic matter, which then
causes a chemical reaction to make it more acidic. Species as diverse as
scallops and corals are vulnerable to ocean acidification, which can
affect the growth of their shells and skeletons.</p>
<p>Research by NOAA's William G. Sunda and Wei-jun Cai of the University
of Georgia points to the process of eutrophication - the production of
excess algae from increased nutrients, such as, nitrogen and phosphorus
-- as a large, often overlooked source of CO2 in coastal waters. When
combined with increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, the release of CO2 from
decaying organic matter is accelerating the acidification of coastal
seawater.</p>
<p>The effects of ocean acidification on the nation's seafood industry
are seen in the Pacific Northwest oyster fishery. According to NOAA,
ocean acidification is affecting oyster shell growth and reproduction,
putting this multi-million dollar industry at risk. Annually, the
Pacific Northwest oyster fishery contributes $84 million to $111 million
to the West Coast's economy. According to an earlier NOAA study ocean
acidification could put more than 3,000 jobs in the region at risk.</p>
<p>Sunda and Cai used a new chemical model to predict the increase in
acidity of coastal waters over a range of salinities, temperatures and
atmospheric CO2 concentrations. They found that the combined interactive
effects on acidity from increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and CO2
released from the breakdown of organic matter were quite complex, and
varied with water temperature, salinity and with atmospheric CO2.</p>
<p>"These interactions have important biological implications in a
warming world with increasing atmospheric CO2," said Sunda. "The
combined effects of the two acidification processes, along with
increased nutrient loading of nearshore waters, are reducing the time
available to coastal managers to adopt approaches to avoid or minimize
harmful impacts to critical ecosystem services such as fisheries and
tourism."</p>
<p>Sunda and Cai found that, given current atmospheric CO2
concentrations and projected CO2 released from organic matter decay,
seawater acidity could nearly double in waters with higher salinity and
temperature, and could rise as much as 12 times current levels in waters
with lower salinity and lower temperature.</p>
<p>These model predictions were verified with measured acidity data from
the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Baltic Sea, two eutrophic coastal
systems with large temperature and salinity differences, which
experience large-scale algal blooms. The observed and modeled increases
in acidity from eutrophication and algal decay are well within the range
that can harm marine organisms.</p>
<p>Funding support for the research came from the National Science
Foundation, NASA and NOAA. The study can be found in this month's
edition of the American Chemical Society's Environmental Science and
Technology journal.</p>
<p>NOAA's mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's
environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and
to conserve and manage our coastal and marine resources.</p><p>------------------------------------------</p><p>Vision2020 Post: Ted Moffett<br><a href="http://www.noaa.gov/socialmedia"></a></p>