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<div class="timestamp">July 14, 2012</div>
<h1>The End of Privacy?</h1>
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<p>
Cellphones, e-mail, and online social networking have come to rule daily
life, but Congress has done nothing to update federal privacy laws to
better protect digital communication. That inattention carries a heavy
price. </p>
<p>
Striking new data from wireless carriers collected by Representative
Edward Markey, a Massachusetts Democrat, and first reported last week by
Eric Lichtblau of The Times, showed surging use of cellphone
surveillance over the past five years by law enforcement agencies at
every level and for crimes both mundane and serious. </p>
<p>
Wireless carriers reported responding to a whopping 1.3 million demands
from law enforcement agencies for subscriber information, including
location data, calling records and text messages. The number of people
whose information was turned over is almost certainly much higher
because a single request for a cell tower “dump” could sweep in the
names of thousands of people connected to a given tower at a certain
time. </p>
<p>
As cell surveillance has ballooned, federal and local officials have
come to rely less on wiretapping to eavesdrop on conversations, probably
because cell tracking is less time consuming and less legally difficult
to manage. In most cases, law enforcement officers do not need to hear
the actual conversation; what they want to know can be discerned from a
suspect’s location or travel patterns. And location data can be as
revealing of a cellphone owner’s associations, activities and personal
tastes as listening in on a conversation, for which a warrant is
mandatory. </p>
<p>
As a result, warrants for wiretaps, which are subject to stringent legal
standards used for decades, declined by 14 percent last year, to just
2,732 nationwide. The legal standards applied to cell tracking and other
forms of digital monitoring are more lax and inconsistently applied,
with many law enforcement agencies claiming a right to such data without
having to show a compelling need or getting detailed vetting by a
court. </p>
<p>
Clearly, federal laws need to be revamped and brought into line with
newer forms of surveillance. A good place to begin is the Electronic
Communications Privacy Act, the main federal statute governing access to
electronic information. The act has not had a significant overhaul
since its passage in 1986. </p>
<p>
Senator Patrick Leahy, the Judiciary Committee chairman and lead author
of the 1986 law, introduced a promising bill last year that would amend
it in important, sensible ways. It would require a probable cause
warrant for access to e-mails and other electronic communications no
matter how long they were saved or where they were saved, whether in a
personal computer or an online storage system. Under current law, there
is no warrant requirement after an e-mail has been stored for 180 days.
</p>
<p>
Electronic correspondence deserves no less protection than letters kept
in a drawer. The government would still be free to access blog postings
and other publicly available content, and exceptions to the warrant
requirement would remain for emergencies and intelligence
investigations. Similarly, existing law requires a warrant for the
government to access photos, calendars and other private data stored on
laptops or desktop computers at home, but not for the same files stored
with a service provider in the “cloud.” </p>
<p>
The Leahy bill would also provide some protection for location
information from cellphones or GPS systems, though probably not enough.
It would require a warrant for law enforcement agencies to access
real-time location data, but not past location records. The warrant rule
should cover both, the sensible standard in a bipartisan location
privacy bill offered in the House by Jason Chaffetz, a Utah Republican,
and in the Senate by Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat. </p>
<p>
Both the Leahy bill and the location privacy bill break away from the
traditional “third-party doctrine,” which says there is no reasonable
expectation of privacy if the information is held by third parties, like
the cell carriers. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court shied away from
eliminating that doctrine when it rightly ruled this year that having
the police attach a GPS device to a car constitutes a “search” under the
Fourth Amendment. The Leahy bill has not attracted any Republican
co-sponsors. That is all the more reason to put it before the Judiciary
Committee and begin a debate on this critical issue. </p>
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<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br><br>