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<span class="timestamp published" title="2012-07-02T21:06:03+00:00">July 2, 2012, <span>9:06 pm</span></span>
<h3 class="entry-title">Former Brokers Say JPMorgan Favored Selling Bank’s Own Funds Over Others</h3>
<address class="byline author vcard">By <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/author/susanne-craig/" class="url fn" title="See all posts by SUSANNE CRAIG">SUSANNE CRAIG</a> <span>and</span> <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/author/jessica-silver-greenberg/" class="url fn" title="See all posts by JESSICA SILVER-GREENBERG">JESSICA SILVER-GREENBERG</a></address>
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<p>Facing a slump after the financial crisis, <a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=JPM&inline=nyt-org">JPMorgan Chase</a> turned to ordinary investors to make up for the lost profit.</p><p>But as the bank became one of the nation's largest <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/your-money/investments/mutual-funds-and-etfs/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">mutual fund</a> managers, some current and former brokers say it emphasized its sales over clients' needs.</p>
<p>These
financial advisers say they were encouraged, at times, to favor
JPMorgan's own products even when competitors had better-performing or
cheaper options. With one crucial offering, the bank exaggerated the
returns of what it was selling in marketing materials, according to
JPMorgan documents reviewed by The New York Times.</p><p> The benefit to
JPMorgan is clear. The more money investors plow into the bank's funds,
the more fees it collects for managing them. The aggressive sales push
has allowed JPMorgan to buck an industry trend. Amid the market
volatility, ordinary investors are leaving stock funds in droves.</p><p>In
contrast, JPMorgan is gathering assets in its stock funds at a rapid
rate, despite having only a small group of top-performing mutual funds
that are run by portfolio managers. Over the last three years, roughly
42 percent of its funds failed to beat the average performance of funds
that make similar investments, according to <a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=MORN&inline=nyt-org">Morningstar</a>, a fund researcher.</p><p>"I
was selling JPMorgan funds that often had weak performance records, and
I was doing it for no other reason than to enrich the firm," said
Geoffrey Tomes, who left JPMorgan last year and is now an adviser at
Urso Investment Management. "I couldn't call myself objective."</p><p>JPMorgan,
with its army of financial advisers and nearly $160 billion in fund
assets, is not the only bank to build an advisory business that caters
to mom and pop investors. <a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=MS&inline=nyt-org">Morgan Stanley</a> and <a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=UBS&inline=nyt-org">UBS</a> have redoubled their efforts, drawn by steadier returns than those on trading desks.</p>
<p>But
JPMorgan has taken a different tack by focusing on selling funds that
it creates. It is a controversial practice, and many companies have
backed away from offering their own funds because of the perceived
conflicts.</p><p>Morgan Stanley and <a href="http://dealbook.on.nytimes.com/public/overview?symbol=C&inline=nyt-org">Citigroup</a>
have largely exited the business. Last year, JPMorgan was the only bank
among the 10 largest fund companies, according to the research firm
Strategic Insights.</p><p>"It said financial adviser on my business
card, but that's not what JPMorgan actually let me be," said Mathew
Goldberg, a former broker who now works at the Manhattan Wealth
Management Group. "I had to be a salesman even if what I was selling
wasn't that great."</p><p>JPMorgan has previously run into trouble for
pushing its own funds. In a 2011 arbitration case, it was ordered to pay
$373 million for favoring its products, despite an agreement to sell
alternatives from American Century.</p><p>JPMorgan defends its strategy,
saying it has "in-house expertise," and customers want access to
proprietary funds. "We always place our clients first in every
decision," said Melissa Shuffield, a bank spokeswoman. She said advisers
from other companies accounted for a large percentage of the sales of
JPMorgan funds.</p><p>At first, JPMorgan's chief, <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/d/james_dimon/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Jamie Dimon</a>,
balked at the idea of pushing the bank's investments, according to two
company executives who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the
discussions were not public. Several years ago, Mr. Dimon wanted to
allow brokers to sell a range of products and move away from its own
funds. Jes Staley, then the head of asset management, argued that the
company should emphasize proprietary funds. They compromised, building
out the fund group while allowing brokers to sell outside products.</p><p>Now,
JPMorgan is devoting more resources to the business, even as other
parts of the bank are shrinking. Since 2008, JPMorgan has added hundreds
of brokers in its branches, bringing its total to roughly 3,100. At the
core of JPMorgan's push are products like the Chase Strategic
Portfolio. The investment combines roughly 15 mutual funds, some
developed by JPMorgan and some not. It is intended to offer ordinary
investors holdings in stocks and bonds, with six main models that vary
the level of risk.</p><p>The product has been a boon for JPMorgan. Begun
four years ago, the Chase Strategic Portfolio has roughly $20 billion
in assets, according to internal documents reviewed by The Times.</p><p>Off
the top, the bank levies an annual fee as high as 1.6 percent of assets
in the Chase Strategic Portfolio. An independent financial planner who
caters to ordinary investors generally charges 1 percent to manage
assets.</p><p>The bank also earns a fee on the underlying JPMorgan
funds. When Neuberger Berman bundles funds, it typically waives expenses
on its own funds.</p><p>Given the level of fees, one worry is that
JPMorgan may recommend internal funds for profit reasons rather than
client needs. "There is a real concern about conflicts of interest,"
said Andrew Metrick, a professor at the Yale School of Management.</p><p>There
is also concern that investors may not have a clear sense of what they
are buying. While traditional mutual funds update their returns daily,
marketing documents for the Chase Strategic Portfolio highlight
theoretical returns. The real performance, provided to The Times by
JPMorgan, is much weaker.</p><p>Marketing materials for the balanced
portfolio show a hypothetical annual return of 15.39 percent after fees
for three years through March 31. Those returns beat a JPMorgan-created
benchmark, or standard of comparison, by 0.73 percentage point a year.</p><p>The
actual return was 13.87 percent a year, trailing the hypothetical
performance and the benchmark. All four models with three-year records
were lower than the hypothetical performance and the benchmarks.</p><p>JPMorgan
says the models in the Chase Strategic Portfolio, after fees, gained 11
to 19 percent a year on average since 2009. "Objectively this is a
competitive return," said Ms. Shuffield.</p><p>The bank said it did not
provide actual results for the investment models in the Chase Strategic
Portfolio because it was standard practice in the industry to wait until
all the parts of the portfolio had a three-year return before citing
performance in marketing materials. She said the bank was preparing to
put actual returns in the materials.</p><p>Regulators tend to discourage
the use of hypothetical returns. "Regulators frown on using
hypothetical returns because they are typically very sunny," said
Michael S. Caccese, a lawyer for K&L Gates.</p><p>While brokers do
not receive extra bonuses or commissions on the Chase Strategic
Portfolio, some advisers said they had felt pressure to recommend such
internal products as part of the intense sales culture. A supervisor in a
New Jersey branch recently sent a congratulatory note with the header
"KABOOM" to an adviser who had persuaded a client to put $75,000 into
the Chase Strategic Portfolio. "Nice to know someone is taking advantage
of the best selling day of the week!" he wrote.</p><p>JPMorgan also
circulates a list of brokers whose clients collectively have with the
largest amounts in the Chase Strategic Portfolio. Top advisers have
nearly $200 million of assets in the program.</p><p>"It was all about
the money, not the client," said Warren Rockmacher, a broker who
recently left the company. He said that if he did not persuade a
customer to invest in the Chase Strategic Portfolio, a manager would ask
him why he had selected something else.</p><p>Cheryl Gold said she got
the hard sell when she stopped by her local Chase branch in New York
last year and an adviser approached her about the Chase Strategic
Portfolio.</p><p>"They pitched this product to me, and I just laughed," said Ms. Gold. "I saw it as a way for them to make money at my expense."<br clear="all"></p></div></div></div><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br>
<a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br><br>