<div class="header">
<div class="left">
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"><img src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/misc/nytlogo153x23.gif" alt="The New York Times" align="left" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"></a>
</div>
<div class="right">
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&opzn&page=www.nytimes.com/printer-friendly&pos=Position1&sn2=336c557e/4f3dd5d2&sn1=84e9b341/ba42e34f&camp=FSL2012_ArticleTools_120x60_1787509c_nyt5&ad=BOSW_120x60_June13_NoText&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoxsearchlight%2Ecom%2Fbeastsofthesouthernwild" target="_blank">
<img src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/adx/images/ADS/30/42/ad.304259/Beasts_NewNYT120x60_6.13.gif" border="0" height="60" width="120"></a>
</div>
</div>
<br clear="all"><hr align="left" size="1">
<div class="timestamp">July 2, 2012</div>
<h1>Rigged Rates, Rigged Markets</h1>
<div id="articleBody">
<p>
<strong>Update:</strong><em> After this editorial went to press,
Barclays announced that its chief executive, Robert Diamond Jr. had
resigned, effective immediately, and that Marcus Agius, who had resigned
as chairman of Barclays on Monday, would become chairman again and lead
the search for a new chief executive.</em> </p>
<p>
Marcus Agius, the chairman of Barclays, <a title="Dealbook article" href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/chairman-of-barclays-is-expected-to-resign/">resigned on Monday</a>, saying “the buck stops with me.” His was the first departure since the British bank <a title="A DealBook posting" href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/barclays-said-to-settle-regulatory-claims-over-benchmark-manipulation/">agreed last week to pay $450 million to settle</a> findings that, from 2005 to 2009, it had tried to rig benchmark interest rates to benefit its own bottom line. </p>
<p>
Mr. Agius was right to go and the bank’s chief executive, Robert Diamond
Jr., should follow him out the door. But the investigations cannot stop
there. </p>
<p>
The rates in question — the London interbank offered rate, or Libor, and
the Euro interbank offered rate, or Euribor — are used to determine the
borrowing rates for consumers and companies, including some $10
trillion in mortgages, student loans and credit cards. The rates are
also linked to an estimated $700 trillion market in derivatives, which
banks buy and sell on a daily basis. If these rates are rigged, markets
are rigged — against bank customers, like everyday borrowers, and
against parties on the other side of a bank’s derivatives deals, like
pension funds. </p>
<p>
Barclays is only one of more than a dozen big banks that provide
information used to set the daily rate for Libor and Euribor. The
settlement, struck with regulators in Washington and London and with the
Department of Justice, indicates that the bank did not act alone. It
shows that unnamed managers and traders of Barclays in London, New York
and Tokyo colluded with or prevailed upon bank employees who provide the
benchmark data to make false reports. The aim was to bolster Barclays’s
trading positions and to aid or counteract other banks’ attempts at
manipulation. </p>
<p>
The evidence, <a title="A pdf" href="http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/documents/Barclaysstatementoffacts.pdf">cited by the Justice Department</a>
— which Barclays agreed is “true and accurate” — is damning. “Always
happy to help,” one employee wrote in an e-mail after being asked to
submit false information. “If you know how to keep a secret, I’ll bring
you in on it,” wrote a Barclays trader to a trader at another bank,
referring to an attempt to align their strategies for mutual gain.
</p>
<p>
If that’s not conspiracy and price-fixing, what is? </p>
<p>
The Justice Department has left open the possibility of prosecuting
officers or employees of Barclays. But it has agreed not to prosecute
the bank itself, in part because Barclays was the first to cooperate in
the investigation and has agreed to keep cooperating. Such an agreement
makes sense only if that cooperation will allow prosecutors to nail
other banks that have been involved in setting the rates, including
potential cases against Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and HSBC, and people
who work there. </p>
<p>
To date, the Justice Department has not distinguished itself in
prosecuting major banks or their executives for conduct leading up to
and during the financial crisis. But with Barclays now cooperating, the
“Libor scandal” is another chance for government prosecutors to unmask
and punish financial wrongdoing. </p>
<div class="articleCorrection">
</div>
</div>
<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br><br><img src="http://users.moscow.com/waf/WP%20Fox%2001.jpg"><br><br>