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<h5 class="details" style="float:right">June 23, 2012</h5>
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<h1>Report maps out rise of Pacific sea levels</h1>
<h5 class="subhead">More precise data allow for planning</h5>
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Jeff Barnard<br>
Associated Press
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<img class="story_photo" src="http://media.spokesman.com/photos/2012/06/23/0623pacifica_t210.jpg?74a72ef94756bccc16ea1c78066b52f96b62dbc7">
<p class="caption">In this Jan. 20, 2010 file photo, waves pound
during a rainstorm in Pacifica, Calif. A new federal report studies
what to expect from rising sea levels.</p>
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<h5>By the numbers</h5>
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<strong>6 inches</strong>: Predicted rise in sea levels for most of California by 2030
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<strong>3 feet</strong>: Predicted rise in sea levels for most of California by 2100
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<strong>4 inches</strong>: Predicted rise in sea levels for Northern California, Oregon and Washington by 2030
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<strong>2 feet</strong>: Predicted rise in sea levels for Northern California, Oregon and Washington by 2100
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<p>Source: National Research Council</p>
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<p>The West Coast will see an ocean several inches higher in coming
decades, with most of California expected to get sea levels half a foot
higher by 2030, according a report released Friday. </p>
<p>The study by the National Research Council gives planners their best
look yet at how melting ice sheets and warming oceans associated with
climate change will raise sea levels along the country’s Pacific coast.
It is generally consistent with earlier global projections but takes a
closer look at California, Oregon and Washington. </p>
<p>Although the 6 inches expected for California by 2030 seem minor,
the report estimated that sea levels there will be an average of 3 feet
higher by 2100. About 72 percent of the state’s coast is covered by
sandy cliffs, and the rest includes beaches, sand dunes, bays
and estuaries. </p>
<p>Seaside cliffs will be cut back about 30 yards over the next 100
years, and sand dunes will be driven back even more, said Robert A.
Dalrymple, a professor of civil engineering at Johns Hopkins University
and chairman of the group that wrote the report. Coastal wetlands will
be able to keep pace for about 50 years, but will eventually be
overwhelmed without new sources of sand and room to move inland. </p>
<p>The report noted that dams hold back about a third of that sand,
which once washed into the sea from the Klamath River in
Northern California. </p>
<p>Northern California, Oregon and Washington can expect a less
dramatic increase – about 4 inches by 2030 and 2 feet by 2100 – because
seismic activity is causing land to rise north of the San Andreas Fault,
offsetting increasing sea levels, and to drop south of it. The fault
runs out to sea at Cape Mendocino. </p>
<p>Oregon has the advantage of tough basalt formations on much of the
coast, but long stretches of Washington are low-lying sandy beaches. </p>
<p>“Anything close to the seas is vulnerable,” Dalrymple said. </p>
<p>The most immediate threat over the next few decades will come from
periodic ocean-warming El Niño events, said Gary Griggs, director of the
Institute for Marine Sciences at the University of California at Santa
Cruz, who was one of the scientists assembled by the council to produce
the report. </p>
<p>“During those events, sea level is elevated as much as a foot above
normal and then we’ve got typically larger waves coming in with the high
tides,” particularly in the Northwest, he said. </p>
<p>The report noted that some computer models suggest storms will be
stronger as global warming progresses. But Dalrymple said there was no
clear consensus in scientific literature, and data from ocean buoys
showing waves getting bigger in the Northwest don’t go back far enough
to conclude that trend will continue. </p>
<p>If a major earthquake occurs beneath the Pacific Ocean off Oregon
and Washington, in what is known as the Cascadia subduction zone, that
would cause the land to drop, allowing sea level to rise another 3 to 6
feet immediately, the report said. Such a major temblor occurred 300
years ago, and another becomes more likely as time passes. </p>
<p>The report was commissioned by states and federal agencies looking
for detailed information so they can plan for an accelerated rate of
erosion along beaches, bluffs and sand dunes that are already crumbling
into the sea. </p>
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