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<div class="timestamp">May 30, 2012</div>
<h1>Markets and Morals</h1>
<span><h6 class="byline">By <a rel="author" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/nicholasdkristof/index.html" title="More Articles by Nicholas D. Kristof" class="meta-per">NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF</a></h6>
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<p>
Does it bother you that an online casino paid a Utah woman, Kari Smith, who needed money for her son’s education, $10,000 <a title="An article and a photo here" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600145187/Mom-sells-face-space-for-tattoo-advertisement.html">to tattoo its Web site on her forehead</a>? </p>
<p>
Or that Project Prevention, a charity, pays women with drug or alcohol
addictions $300 cash to get sterilized or undertake long-term
contraception? <a href="http://www.projectprevention.org/statistics/">Some 4,100 women</a> have accepted this offer. </p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.gov.harvard.edu/people/faculty/michael-sandel">Michael Sandel</a>,
the Harvard political theorist, cites those examples in “What Money
Can’t Buy,” his important and thoughtful new book. He argues that in
recent years we have been slipping without much reflection into relying
upon markets in ways that undermine the fairness of our society. </p>
<p>
That’s one of the underlying battles this campaign year. Many
Republicans, Mitt Romney included, have a deep faith in the ability of
laissez-faire markets to create optimal solutions. </p>
<p>
There’s something to that faith because markets, indeed, tend to be
efficient. Pollution taxes are widely accepted as often preferable than
rigid regulations on pollutants. It may also make sense to sell
advertising on the sides of public buses, perhaps even to sell naming
rights to subway stations. </p>
<p>
Still, how far do we want to go down this path? </p>
<p>
• Is it right that prisoners in Santa Ana, Calif., <a title="A Times article" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/us/29jail.html?_r=1">can pay $90 per night for an upgrade</a> to a cleaner, nicer jail cell? </p>
<p>
• Should the United States really sell immigration visas? <a href="http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=facb83453d4a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=facb83453d4a3210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD">A $500,000 investment</a> will buy foreigners the right to immigrate. </p>
<p>
• Should Massachusetts have gone ahead with a proposal to sell naming
rights to its state parks? The Boston Globe wondered in 2003 whether
Walden Pond might become Wal-Mart Pond. </p>
<p>
• Should strapped towns accept virtually free <a title="A USA Today article" href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-10-30-ad-usat_x.htm">police cars that come laden with advertising</a> on the sides? Such a deal was negotiated and then ultimately collapsed, but at least <a title="A Boston Globe article" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/11/30/for_cruisers_an_ad_on/?page=full">one town does sell advertising on its police cars</a>. </p>
<p>
“The marketization of everything means that people of affluence and
people of modest means lead increasingly separate lives,” Sandel writes.
“We live and work and shop and play in different places. Our children
go to different schools. You might call it the skyboxification of
American life. It’s not good for democracy, nor is it a satisfying way
to live.” </p>
<p>
“Do we want a society where everything is up for sale? Or are there
certain moral and civic goods that markets do not honor and money cannot
buy?” </p>
<p>
This issue goes to the heart of fairness in our country. There has been
much discussion recently about economic inequality, but almost no
conversation about the way the spread of markets nurtures a broader,
systemic inequality. </p>
<p>
We do, of course, place some boundaries on markets. I can’t buy the
right to cut off your leg for my amusement. Americans can sell blood,
but (perhaps mistakenly) we don’t allow <a href="http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/policiesAndBylaws/nota.asp">markets for kidneys and other organs</a>, even though that would probably save lives. </p>
<p>
Wealthy people can, in effect, <a title="A Times article" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/10/us/politics/obamas-new-courting-of-hollywood-pays-off.html?pagewanted=all">buy access to the president</a>
at a $40,000-a-plate dinner, but they can’t purchase a Medal of
Freedom. A major political donor can sometimes buy an ambassadorship,
but not to an important country. </p>
<p>
Where to draw the lines limiting the role of markets isn’t clear to me,
but I’m pretty sure that we’ve already gone too far. I’m offended when
governments auction naming rights to public property or sell special
access, even if only to fast lanes on a highway or better cells in a
jail. It is one thing for Delta Air Lines to have first class and coach.
It is quite another for government to offer first class and coach in
the essential services that government provides. </p>
<p>
Where would this stop? Do we let people pay to get premium police and fire protection? Do we pursue an idea raised by <a href="http://sbm.temple.edu/ccg/documents/adoptionLandesPosner.pdf">Judge Richard Posner</a> to auction off the right to adopt children? </p>
<p>
We already have tremendous inequality in our country: The richest 1
percent of Americans own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent,
according to the Economic Policy Institute. But we do still have a
measure of equality before the law — equality in our basic dignity — and
that should be priceless. </p>
<p>
“Market fundamentalism,” to use the term <a title="A video" href="http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/10102008/watch.html">popularized by George Soros</a>,
is gaining ground. It’s related to the glorification of wealth over the
last couple of decades, to the celebration of opulence, and to the
emergence of a new aristocracy. Market fundamentalists assume a measure
of social Darwinism and accept that laissez-faire is always optimal.
</p>
<p>
That’s the dogma that helped lead to bank deregulation and the current
economic mess. And anyone who honestly believes that low taxes and
unfettered free markets are always best should consider moving to
Pakistan’s tribal areas. They are a triumph of limited government,
negligible taxes, no “burdensome regulation” and free markets for
everything from drugs to AK-47s. </p>
<p>
If you’re infatuated with unfettered free markets, just visit Waziristan. </p>
<div class="authorIdentification">
<p style="text-align:center">•</p>
<p>I invite you to visit my blog, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/ontheground">On the Ground</a>. Please also join me on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/kristof">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/102839963139173448834/posts?hl=en">Google+</a>, watch my <a href="http://www.youtube.com/nicholaskristof">YouTube videos</a> and follow me on <a href="http://twitter.com/nickkristof">Twitter</a>.</p>
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<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br>