<div class="header">
<div class="left">
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"><img src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/misc/nytlogo153x23.gif" alt="The New York Times" align="left" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"></a>
</div>
<div class="right">
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&opzn&page=www.nytimes.com/printer-friendly&pos=Position1&sn2=336c557e/4f3dd5d2&sn1=c5714c24/61a1580e&camp=FSL2012_ArticleTools_120x60_1787506c_nyt5&ad=BEMH_120x60_May4_NoText&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoxsearchlight%2Ecom%2Fthebestexoticmarigoldhotel" target="_blank">
<br></a>
</div>
</div>
<br clear="all"><hr align="left" size="1">
<div class="timestamp">May 27, 2012</div>
<h1>A Failure of Vigilance</h1>
<div id="articleBody">
<p>
In the trial of Alex Blueford, an Arkansas jury <a title="Blueford v. Arkansas, decided January 20, 2011" href="http://www.bloomberglaw.com/public/document/Blueford_v_State_2011_Ark_8_Court_Opinion">voted</a> him not guilty on charges of capital and first-degree murder, but deadlocked on lesser charges. By <a title="The Times, May 24, 2012" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/us/justices-uphold-retrials-even-after-juries-reject-charges.html?_r=1&hp">a 6-to-3 vote </a> last week, the Supreme Court misguidedly <a title="Blueford v. Arkansas, decided on May 24, 2012" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1320.pdf">ruled</a> that the state can retry him on all charges, including those for murder. </p>
<p>
Justice Sonia Sotomayor properly noted in dissent, “the threat to
individual freedom from reprosecutions that favor states and unfairly
rescue them from weak cases has not waned with time. Only this court’s
vigilance has.” </p>
<p>
For the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. wrote that the
Constitution’s protection against double jeopardy — trying a defendant
twice for the same offense — does not apply in this case. There was “no
formal judgment of acquittal” on the murder charges, he said, so there
was no “final resolution of anything” that would trigger the bar against
double jeopardy. </p>
<p>
But Justice Sotomayor rightly explained that the principle of double
jeopardy applies when a jury makes a decision for acquittal, and that
the form of the acquittal is less important than the substantive
determination. In this case, the forewoman announced in open court that
the jury had voted unanimously that Mr. Blueford was not guilty of the
murder charges. Justice Sotomayor also said that the trial judge should
have asked the jury to deliver a partial verdict before declaring a
mistrial, as the defendant requested. Chief Justice Roberts said the
Supreme Court has “never required” a trial judge to break the impasse of
a jury by seeking a partial verdict. </p>
<p>
That position ignores a reality of Arkansas law. The jury was instructed
to decide the most serious charge first, and then move on to the next
charge (in descending order of seriousness) only if it acquitted on the
previous charge. The Blueford jury reached an impasse only when it got
to the lesser charge of manslaughter; it did not vote on the least
serious charge, negligent homicide. </p>
<p>
The trial judge, as Justice Sotomayor noted, failed to respect the
finality of the jury’s vote to acquit on murder. The court’s majority
failed to protect the defendant’s constitutional right to be spared
double jeopardy, and instead protected the trial judge’s mistake.
</p>
<div class="articleCorrection">
</div>
</div>
<br>
<center>
</center>
<div id="upNextWrapper"><div style id="upNext"><div class="wrapper opposingFloatControl"><br style="clear:both"></div></div></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br>