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<div class="ad"> </div></div><div id="campaignstops"><div align="left"><span class="timestamp published" title="2012-04-23T22:43:00+00:00">April 23, 2012, <span>10:43 pm</span></span><h3 class="entry-title">The Mega Millions Solution</h3>
<address class="byline author vcard">By <a href="http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/author/norman-ornstein/" class="url fn" title="See all posts by NORMAN ORNSTEIN">NORMAN ORNSTEIN</a></address><div class="entry-content">
<div class="w480"><br></div><p>The
Mega Millions lottery last month with its whopping $656 million prize
captured the intense interest of Americans across the country. Estimates
suggest that as many as 100 million people participated. No matter that
the odds of winning the jackpot were known to be much less than being
struck by lightning twice. Investing a few bucks (or in the case of
Washington Wizards forward Chris Singleton, ten thousand) for the chance
to become a centa-millionaire was irresistible for nearly half of the
adult population of the country.</p><p>The overwhelming success of the
Mega Millions enterprise makes it an irresistible target for something
more — a way to transform American elections and along the way reduce
our deep political dysfunction. Our take-no-prisoners tribal
politics have at root the reality that the two parties’ narrow
ideological bases have far more influence on the selection of
candidates, the positions taken by the candidates and the pressures
placed on elected officials than the rest of the population. With
turnout in presidential elections hovering between 50 and 60 percent, 30
to 40 percent for mid-term congressional contests, and sometimes 10 to
20 percent for primaries, it is the bases who rule.</p><p>At the same
time, political consultants focus the bulk of their energies on a
two-prong strategy for driving the base voters one way or the other —
both making sure that your party’s base is energized and that the other
party’s base is depressed. The obvious fallout is that the issues that
dominate are the ones that excite or infuriate the bases — abortion,
same-sex marriage, guns, immigration— and the language used to whip up
the bases is harsh and extreme. All this does even more to turn off
voters in the middle.</p><div class="w190 right module"><div class="entry"><a href="http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/category/voting-rights-2/">Who Votes?</a><p class="summary">A series about the complexities of voters and voting.</p>
</div></div><p>Other
countries like Australia have ameliorated this dynamic by implementing
mandatory attendance at the polls — Down Under, if one does not show up,
even to cast a ballot for “none of the above,” a fine of roughly $15 is
imposed. The result has been turnout of 90 percent or more. High
turnout is nice in and of itself. But Australian politicians of all
stripes say that the main impact has been to turn the campaign, the
issues and the discourse away from the extremes and toward the
persuadable voters in the middle.</p><p>After all, the pols know that
both party bases will be there, with predictable results — and that what
they need to do is persuade the persuadables. This means a sharper
focus on the big issues that concern them and the country, from budgets
to energy and climate change to education and jobs, and more moderate
rhetoric, since fiery words will turn away moderate voters.</p><p>I
would love to implement the Australian model in America, but I recognize
that mandatory voting — actually, mandatory anything — is a hard sell
in this country. So here is another idea: a series of Mega Millions-like
lotteries for primary and general elections, with awards that can range
up to the hundreds of millions for a big general election — where your
lottery ticket is your voting stub. It is a reasonable guess, given what
we have seen with big lotteries in the states, that a billion dollars
for all federal primary and general elections in a cycle (a small sum to
enhance democracy and reduce dysfunction) would, by providing a very
powerful incentive to get Americans registered and to actually turn up
at the polls, result in a robust increase in turnout, perhaps to as much
as 75 or 80 percent. The idea could be applied in states and localities
with smaller prizes and not simply using public money; perhaps auto
dealers could donate cars, for example.</p><p>Another way to implement
the plan would be to use a state’s voter registration rolls and pick
five names at random as winners — with the names announced after the
election, but the prizes given only to those who actually voted. All it
would take to send a powerful message to other non-voters is one example
in an election where an individual was picked but lost a Corvette or
$100,000 because he or she did not vote.</p><div class="w480">Will
Lester/The Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, via Associated Press: Would
thousands line up to vote if they knew they had a chance of winning
money?</div><p>To be sure, the basic concept is not new. In 2006, a doctor named Mark Osterloh managed to get <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/magazine/10ballot.html">a proposition on the Arizona ballot</a>
to offer a $1 million prize for a voter in the state’s upcoming primary
or general election (those who voted in both would have two tickets, or
chances at the prize) with the lottery winnings coming from unclaimed
rewards left in the state’s own lottery pool. The initiative was widely
panned as tawdry, or as dangerous for encouraging uninformed citizens to
cast uninformed votes, or as aiming at increasing turnout for no good
reason beyond having a higher turnout. It failed.</p><p>Six years later,
after still more dysfunction and acrimony, those objections are much
less resonant. The idea of encouraging voting to provide more muscle for
the broad center of America should be more appealing; the
counterargument that we should not be bribing people to vote, less so.
The experience of countries like Australia shows that there is no real
downside to having near-universal turnout. And the idea of using a
carrot to enhance turnout and depress the role of ideological
extremists, instead of a stick like a fine for not showing up at the
polls, may be more attractive now than it was in 2006. Enhanced voting
in primaries, for example, would probably lead over time to fewer
bomb-throwers and more problem solvers in state legislatures and in
Congress.</p><p>The best way to implement this idea is to provide some
empirical tests. It would be nice if, say, Mayor Bloomberg’s foundation
kicked in $10 million as a prize for the next New York City election in
2013 to see what impact that had on turnout in New York. Or perhaps a
small state or a city could try its own version of a vote lottery, using
a combination of public and private funds. If people are willing to
stand in line for hours to get a precious Mega Millions ticket, it is
reasonable to assume that they would take the steps necessary to vote to
have a chance at the same dream. Plenty of Americans go the extra
mile, sometimes literally, to cast their vote. But lots of others do
not. Adding an incentive to bring more of the latter to the polls would
enhance democracy, not trivialize it.</p><p><em>Norman Ornstein is a
resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. His new book on
America’s political dysfunction, “It’s Even Worse Than It Looks,”
written with Tom Mann of the Brookings Institution, will be published
next week.</em><br></p></div></div></div>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br>