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Perhaps now we can move towards a dialogue that doesn't involve
scare tactics and exaggerations.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<h1 class="gl_headline">'Gaia' scientist James Lovelock: I was
'alarmist' about climate change</h1>
<div class="articleText">
<div class="byline">By Ian Johnston, msnbc.com </div>
<p>James Lovelock, the maverick scientist who became a guru to the
environmental movement with his “Gaia” theory of the Earth as a
single organism, has admitted to being “alarmist” about climate
change and says other environmental commentators, such as Al
Gore, were too.</p>
<p>Lovelock, 92, is writing a new book in which he will say
climate change is still happening, but not as quickly as he once
feared.</p>
<p>He previously painted some of the direst visions of the effects
of climate change<b>.</b> In 2006,<strong><a target="_blank"
href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/james-lovelock-the-earth-is-about-to-catch-a-morbid-fever-that-may-last-as-long-as-100000-years-523161.html">
in an article in the U.K.’s Independent newspaper</a></strong>,
he wrote that “before this century is over billions of us will
die and the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in
the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable.”</p>
<p>However, the professor admitted in a telephone interview with
msnbc.com that he now thinks he had been “extrapolating too
far."</p>
<p>The new book, due to be published next year, will be the third
in a trilogy, following his earlier works, “Revenge of Gaia: Why
the Earth Is Fighting Back – and How We Can Still Save
Humanity,” and “The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning:
Enjoy It While You Can.”</p>
<p>The new book will discuss how humanity can change the way it
acts in order to help regulate the Earth’s natural systems,
performing a role similar to the harmonious one played by plants
when they absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.</p>
<p><b>Climate's 'usual tricks'</b><br>
It will also reflect his new opinion that global warming has not
occurred as he had expected.</p>
<p>“The problem is we don’t know what the climate is doing. We
thought we knew 20 years ago. That led to some alarmist books –
mine included – because it looked clear-cut, but it hasn’t
happened,” Lovelock said.</p>
<p>“The climate is doing its usual tricks. There’s nothing much
really happening yet. We were supposed to be halfway toward a
frying world now,” he said.</p>
<p>“The world has not warmed up very much since the millennium.
Twelve years is a reasonable time… it (the temperature) has
stayed almost constant, whereas it should have been rising --
carbon dioxide is rising, no question about that,” he added.</p>
<p>He pointed to Gore’s “An Inconvenient Truth” and Tim Flannery’s
“The Weather Makers” as other examples of “alarmist” forecasts
of the future.</p>
<p>In 2007, Time magazine named Lovelock as <strong><a
target="_blank"
href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1663317_1663319_1669893,00.html">one
of 13 leaders and visionaries in an article on “Heroes of
the Environment</a>,” </strong>which also included Gore,
Mikhail Gorbachev and Robert Redford.</p>
<p>“Jim Lovelock has no university, no research institute, no
students. His almost unparalleled influence in environmental
science is based instead on a particular way of seeing things,”
Oliver Morton, of the journal Nature wrote in Time. “Humble,
stubborn, charming, visionary, proud and generous, his ideas
about Gaia have started a change in the conception of biology
that may serve as a vital complement to the revolution that
brought us the structures of DNA and proteins and the genetic
code.”</p>
<p>Lovelock also won the U.K.’s Geological Society’s Wollaston
Medal in 2006. <strong><a target="_blank"
href="http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/society/history/page2981.html">In
a posting on its website, the society</a></strong> said it
was “rare to be able to say that the recipient has opened up a
whole new field of Earth science study” – referring to the Gaia
theory of the planet as single complex system.</p>
<p>However Lovelock, who works alone at his home in Devon,
England, has fallen out with the green movement in the past,
particularly after saying countries should build nuclear power
stations to help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions caused by
coal and oil.</p>
<p>Asked if he was now a climate skeptic, Lovelock told msnbc.com:
“It depends what you mean by a skeptic. I’m not a denier.”</p>
<p>He said human-caused carbon dioxide emissions were driving an
increase in the global temperature, but added that the effect of
the oceans was not well enough understood and could have a key
role.</p>
<p>“It (the sea) could make all the difference between a hot age
and an ice age,” he said.</p>
<p>He said he still thought that climate change was happening, but
that its effects would be felt farther in the future than he
previously thought.</p>
<p>“We will have global warming, but it’s been deferred a bit,”
Lovelock said.</p>
<p><b>'I made a mistake'</b><br>
As “an independent and a loner,” he said he did not mind saying
“All right, I made a mistake.” He claimed a university or
government scientist might fear an admission of a mistake would
lead to the loss of funding.</p>
<p>Lovelock -- who has previously worked with NASA and discovered
the presence of harmful chemicals (CFCs) in the atmosphere but
not their effect on the ozone layer -- stressed that humanity
should still “do our best to cut back on fossil fuel burning”
and try to adapt to the coming changes.</p>
<p>Peter Stott, head of climate monitoring and attribution at the
U.K.’s respected Met Office Hadley Centre, agreed Lovelock had
been too alarmist with claims about people having to live in the
Arctic by 2100.</p>
<p>And he also agreed with Lovelock that the rate of warming in
recent years had been less than expected by the climate models.</p>
<p>However, Stott said this was a short-term trend that could be
within the natural range of variation and it would need to
continue for another 10 years or so before it could be
considered evidence that something was missing from climate
models.</p>
<p>Stott said temperature records and other observations were
“broadly speaking continuing to pan out” with what was expected.</p>
<p>He said there did need to be greater understanding of the
effect of the oceans on the climate and added that air particles
caused by pollution – which cool the Earth by reflecting the
sun’s heat -- from rapidly developing countries like China could
be having an effect.</p>
<p>On Lovelock, Stott said he had “a lot of respect” for him,
saying “he’s had a lot of good ideas and interesting thoughts.”</p>
<p>“I like the fact he’s provocative and provokes people to think
about these things,” Stott said.</p>
<p><span>Keya Chatterjee, international climate policy director of
environmental campaign group WWF-US, said in a statement that
it was "hard not to get overwhelmed and be defeatist" about
the challenges facing the planet, but</span> suggested
alarmist talk did not help persuade people to act to reduce
climate change.</p>
<p><span>"While the problem is becoming increasingly urgent, we’ve
found that focusing on the most dire predictions does not
resonate with the public, governments, or business. People
tend to shut off when a problem does not seem solvable," she
said.</span></p>
<p><span>"And that’s not the case with climate change because we
can still avoid its worst impacts. We know that we already
have all of the technologies needed to slow climate change
down. We only lack the political will to go up against vested
interests," she added.</span></p>
<p>According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the
leading body on the subject, the world’s average temperature has
risen by about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1900. By 2100, it
predicts it will rise by another 2 to 11.5 degrees, depending
upon the levels of greenhouse gases emitted.</p>
<p>Asked to give its latest position on climate change, the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said in a
statement that observations collected by satellites, sensors on
land, in the air and seas “continue to show that the average
global surface temperature is rising.”</p>
<p>The statement<b> </b>said “the impacts of a changing climate”
were already being felt around the globe, with “more frequent
extreme weather events of certain types (heat waves, heavy rain
events); changes in precipitation patterns … longer growing
seasons; shifts in the ranges of plant and animal species; sea
level rise; and decreases in snow, glacier and Arctic sea ice
coverage.”</p>
<p>NOAA reports its data in <a target="_blank"
href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/"><b>monthly U.S. and
global climate reports</b></a> and <a target="_blank"
href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/"><b>annual
State of the Climate reports</b></a>. </p>
<p>Its annual climate summary for 2011 said that the combined land
and ocean surface temperature for the world was 0.92 degrees
above the 20th century average of 57.0 degrees, making it the
35th consecutive year since 1976 that the yearly global
temperature was above average.</p>
<p>“All 11 years of the 21st century so far (2001-2011) rank among
the 13 warmest in the 132-year period of record. Only one year
during the 20th century, 1998, was warmer than 2011,” it said.</p>
<p>In the interview, Lovelock said he would not take back a word
of his seminal work “Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth,”
published in 1979.</p>
<p>But of “Revenge of Gaia,” published in 2006, he said he had
gone too far in describing what the warming Earth would see over
the next century.</p>
<p>“I would be a little more cautious -- but then that would have
spoilt the book,” he quipped.</p>
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