<div id="header"><h1><a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/" title="Go to DealBook Home"><img src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs_v3/dealbook/dealbook_print.png" alt="DealBook - A Financial News Service of The New York Times"></a></h1>
<div class="ad"> </div></div><div id="dealbook"><div align="left"><span class="timestamp published" title="2012-04-17T20:40:27+00:00">April 17, 2012, <span>8:40 pm</span></span><h3 class="entry-title">Regulators to Ease a Rule on Derivatives Dealers</h3>
<address class="byline author vcard">By <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/author/ben-protess/" class="url fn" title="See all posts by BEN PROTESS">BEN PROTESS</a></address><div class="entry-content"><div class="w592">Benjamin
Myers/ReutersMary L. Schapiro, the chairwoman of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, testified before Congress on Tuesday.</div><p>As
federal regulators put the finishing touches on an overhaul of the $700
trillion derivatives market, a major provision has been tempered in the
face of industry pressure.</p><p>On Wednesday, the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are
expected to approve a rule that would exempt broad swaths of energy
companies, hedge funds and banks from oversight. Firms would not face
scrutiny if they annually arrange less than $8 billion worth of swaps,
the derivative contracts tied to interest rates and commodities like oil
and gas.</p><p>The threshold is a not-insignificant sum. By one limited
set of regulatory data, <font size="4"><b style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">85 percent of companies would not be subject to
oversight</b></font>. After five years, the threshold would reset to $3 billion;
it is the same amount suggested by a group of energy companies in a
February 2011 letter, according to regulatory records.</p><p>
When regulators first proposed the rules in late 2010, they set the
exemption at $100 million. At that level, only 30 percent of the players
would have been excused from the oversight, which was mandated by the
Dodd-Frank financial overhaul law.</p><p>It is unclear whether that data
tells the full story. Other numbers produced by the S.E.C. suggest that
the initial $100 million plan would have ensnared some companies that
the law did not intend to affect.</p><p>The agencies that wrote the rule
covering so-called swap dealers note that their policy would oversee
the largest derivatives players that pose a systemic risk to the broader
economy. And despite exempting many companies from oversight, the rule
still would capture the vast majority of swaps contracts because it
applies to several big banks like Goldman Sachs that arrange most of the
deals. Under the rule, the agencies also must study whether the $8
billion figure is appropriate. The agencies could change the figure if
it proved too high or low.<br> Some watchdog groups, however, fear that
regulators are carving out a significant loophole that will open the
door to problems. The exemption, the culmination of wrangling among the
regulators and a yearlong lobbying blitz, would excuse firms from having
to post additional capital and file reports.</p><p>“That’s bad for the
markets, customers and the system as a whole,” said Dennis Kelleher,
president and chief executive of Better Markets, a nonprofit advocacy
group.</p><p>The new rule comes as financial regulation takes center
stage in Washington.
President Obama called on Tuesday for more “cops on the beat” to monitor
speculative commodities trading, which some experts blame for rising
gas prices. In a speech in the White House Rose Garden, Mr. Obama
invoked the Enron scandal, in which the energy firm amassed a major
derivatives trading operation and skirted the law amid lax rules.</p><p>In
the new rule set to be completed on Wednesday, the controversy lies in
the so-called de minimis exemption, a sort of regulatory hall pass for
firms that have insignificant derivatives holdings. At $8 billion, Mr.
Kelleher said it amounts to a de maximum exemption.</p><p>The initial
$100 million limit met harsh criticism from most derivatives players,
who argued that a single swaps trade can carry a notional value of
billions of dollars. The notional amount reflects the value of the
underlying assets rather than the amount of money that changes hands.
So, on the face of it, even the $8 billion level would be a blip for a
market that is valued at $700 trillion.</p><p>But the regulatory fine print could allow many firms to whittle down the size of their activity to under $8 billion.</p><p>Under
the rule, companies can exclude the swaps they use to hedge their
business against risk like, say, interest rate fluctuations. And the
rule would apply only to a company’s swaps transactions, so firms would
not need to count their other varieties of derivatives, like forwards
and options. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission also scrapped a
strict provision that would have prevented companies that are exempt
from the rules from arranging more than 20 swap contracts in one year,
regardless of the dollar amount.</p><p>As a result, some large banks and
other players are expected to avoid regulatory scrutiny in swaps, based
on data from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Both
Northern Trust and BOK Financial, the parent company of Bank of
Oklahoma, which are listed among the top 25 banks in the derivatives
business, could be exempt. Major energy firms like Constellation Energy
are also expected to get a pass.</p><p>Such companies pushed regulators
to relax the rules. A coalition of energy firms, including BP,
Constellation Energy and Shell, sent regulators a letter that pitched a
$3.5 billion threshold and even suggested specific wording changes to
the rule. Another group, known as the Coalition of Physical Energy
Companies, proposed a $3 billion figure, the threshold that regulators
are set to adopt after five years.</p><p>The energy groups dominated the
frenetic lobbying effort surrounding the rule and its exemption. Firms
dispatched executives to testify before Congress, hired an army of
lobbyists and lawyers to draft comment letters and held more than 100
meetings with regulators to discuss the rule, records show. The
Coalition of Physical Energy Companies hired the law firm of the former
New York City mayor,
Rudolph W. Giuliani, to plead its case in Washington. The other group
that included Shell and BP had more than 10 meetings with regulators.</p><p>That
coalition, led by law firm Hunton & Williams, also hired a
consulting firm and a former prominent regulator, Sharon Brown-Hruska,
to study the rule. Ms. Brown-Hruska, who was acting chairwoman of the
C.F.T.C. under President
George W. Bush, concluded that “the proposed expansive definition of
‘swap dealer’ is contrary to the public interest.” The study said the
rule would reduce liquidity in markets and cause energy companies to
cede their business to riskier too-big-to-fail banks.</p><p>That concern
was echoed by a trade group representing midsize banks, which urged
regulators in a letter “to closely examine and understand the low-risk
nature of small dealers’ businesses in connection with establishing the
criteria for the de minimis exemption.”</p><p>Inundated with pressure
and complaints from industry groups, regulators debated the proper size
of the exemption for months. The trading commission scheduled several
meetings to vote on the rule, only to delay the vote each time as both
agencies reviewed the final draft.</p><p>Ultimately, regulators found
only imperfect numbers to support their oversight effort surrounding
swaps. The data, which showed that an $8 billion figure would exclude
about 85 percent of the companies, is limited to one type of derivatives
contract known as a credit-default swap. But the data also encompassed a
broader group than necessary, most likely including pension funds and
municipalities that are not subject to the federal regulatory crackdown.
The S.E.C. relied on separate information that showed the exemption
would affect a significantly smaller percentage of companies.</p><p>Regulators
said they tried to strike a balance using the limited data as a guide.
At the least, they argued, the new rules add transparency to a market
that went unpoliced during the financial crisis.<br></p></div></div></div>-- <br>Art Deco (Wayne A. Fox)<br><a href="mailto:art.deco.studios@gmail.com" target="_blank">art.deco.studios@gmail.com</a><br>