<div class="timestamp">Happy Thanksgiving!</div><div class="timestamp"><br></div><div class="timestamp">If you follow Kristof's work, he has concentrated on young women being kidnapped for the world-wide sex trade. If he can be optimistic, then surely we can.</div>
<div class="timestamp"><br></div><div class="timestamp">Check out the paragraph about medieval Christian men head-butting live cats nailed to a pole. That must have been one gruesome Caturday, Tom?</div><div class="timestamp">
<br></div><div class="timestamp">Nick</div><div class="timestamp"><br></div><div class="timestamp">November 23, 2011, The New York Times</div>
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<h1>Are We Getting Nicer?</h1>
<h6 class="byline">By <a rel="author" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/nicholasdkristof/index.html?inline=nyt-per" title="More Articles by Nicholas D. Kristof" class="meta-per">NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF</a></h6>
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<p>
It’s pretty easy to conclude that the world is spinning down the toilet. </p>
<p>
So let me be contrary and offer a reason to be grateful this
Thanksgiving. Despite the gloomy mood, the historical backdrop is
stunning progress in human decency over recent centuries. </p>
<p>
War is declining, and humanity is becoming less violent, less racist and
less sexist — and this moral progress has accelerated in recent
decades. To put it bluntly, we humans seem to be getting nicer. </p>
<p>
That’s the central theme of an astonishingly <a title="The Times’s Sunday Book Review article" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/books/review/the-better-angels-of-our-nature-by-steven-pinker-book-review.html">good book</a> just published by <a title="His Web site" href="http://stevenpinker.com/">Steven Pinker</a>,
a psychology professor at Harvard. It’s called “The Better Angels of
Our Nature,” and it’s my bet to win the next Pulitzer Prize for
nonfiction. </p>
<p>
“Today we may be living in the most peaceable era in our species’
existence,” Pinker writes, and he describes this decline in violence as
possibly “the most important thing that has ever happened in human
history.” </p>
<p>
He acknowledges: “In a century that began with 9/11, Iraq, and Darfur,
the claim that we are living in an unusually peaceful time may strike
you as somewhere between hallucinatory and obscene.” </p>
<p>
Still, even in a 20th century notorious for world war and genocide, only
around 3 percent of humans died from such man-made catastrophes. In
contrast, a study of Native-American skeletons from hunter-gather
societies found that some 13 percent had died of trauma. And in the 17th
century, the Thirty Years’ War reduced Germany’s population by as much
as one-third. </p>
<p>
Wars make headlines, but there are fewer conflicts today, and they
typically don’t kill as many people. Many scholars have made that point,
most notably <a title="His Web site" href="http://joshuagoldstein.com/">Joshua S. Goldstein</a>
in his recent book “Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed
Conflict Worldwide.” Goldstein also argues that it’s a myth that
civilians are more likely to die in modern wars. </p>
<p>
Look also at homicide rates, which are now far lower than in previous
centuries. The murder rate in Britain seems to have fallen by more than
90 percent since the 14th century. </p>
<p>
Then there are the myriad forms of violence that were once the banal
backdrop of daily life. One game in feudal Europe involved men competing
to head-butt to death a cat that had been nailed alive to a post. One
reason this was considered so entertaining: the possibility that it
would claw out a competitor’s eye. </p>
<p>
Think of fairy tales and nursery rhymes. One academic study found that
modern children’s television programs have 4.8 violent scenes per hour,
compared with nursery rhymes with 52.2. </p>
<p>
The decline in brutality is true of other cultures as well. When I
learned Chinese, I was startled to encounter ideographs like the one of a
knife next to a nose: pronounced “yi,” it means “cutting off a nose as
punishment.” That’s one Chinese character that students no longer study.
</p>
<p>
Pinker’s book rang true to me partly because I often report on genocide
and human rights abuses. I was aghast that Darfur didn’t prompt more of
an international response from Western governments, but I was awed by
the way American university students protested on behalf of a people who
lived half a world away. </p>
<p>
That reflects a larger truth: There is global consensus today that
slaughtering civilians is an outrage. Governments may still engage in
mass atrocities, but now they hire lobbyists and public relations firms
to sanitize the mess. </p>
<p>
In contrast, until modern times, genocide was simply a way of waging
war. The Bible repeatedly describes God as masterminding genocide (“thou
shalt save alive nothing that breatheth” — Deuteronomy 20:16), and
European-Americans saw nothing offensive about exterminating Native
Americans. One of my heroes, Theodore Roosevelt, later a winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize, was unapologetic: “I don’t go so far as to think that
the only good Indians are the dead Indians, but I believe nine out of
ten are, and I shouldn’t like to inquire too closely in the case of the
tenth.” </p>
<p>
The pace of moral progress has accelerated in the last few decades.
Pinker notes that on issues such as civil rights, the role of women,
equality for gays, beating of children and treatment of animals, “the
attitudes of conservatives have followed the trajectory of liberals,
with the result that today’s conservatives are more liberal than
yesterday’s liberals.” </p>
<p>
The reasons for these advances are complex but may have to do with the
rise of education, the decline of chauvinism and a growing willingness
to put ourselves in the shoes (increasingly, even hooves) of others.
</p>
<p>
Granted, the world still faces brutality and cruelty. That’s what I
write about the rest of the year! But let’s pause for a moment to
acknowledge remarkable progress and give thanks for the human capacity
for compassion and moral growth. </p>
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