<div>Tom et. al.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>You seemed to miss the joke in my suggestion that the CBD could become a Trinitarian Village like "Chinatown" in some large US cities, but this is no joke:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>You want horsepower? Forget the dragster! How about engines in one "machine" with the output of 13 Hoover Dams?</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Try this:</div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1"><a href="http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/propul/SSMEamaz.html">http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/propul/SSMEamaz.html</a></font></div>
<div><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">Rocketdyne's Space Shuttle Main Engine operates at greater temperature extremes than any mechanical system in common use today. The liquid hydrogen fuel is -423 degrees Fahrenheit, the second coldest liquid on Earth. When the hydrogen is burned with liquid oxygen, the temperature in the engine's combustion chamber reaches +6000 degrees Fahrenheit - that's higher than the boiling point of Iron.
<br> </font></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">The maximum equivalent horsepower developed by the three SSMEs is just over 37 million horsepower.<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">The energy released by three of Rocketdyne's Space Shuttle Main engines is equivalent to the output of 13 Hoover Dams.<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">Although not much larger than an automobile engine, the SSME high-pressure fuel turbopump generates 100 horsepower for each pound of its weight, while an automobile engine generates about one-half horsepower for each pound of its weight.
<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">Even though Rocketdyne's SSME weighs one-seventh as much as a locomotive engine, its high-pressure fuel pump alone delivers as much horsepower as 28 locomotives, while its high-pressure oxidizer pump delivers the equivalent horsepower for 11 more.
<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">If water, instead of fuel, were pumped by the three Space Shuttle Main Engines, an average family-sized swimming pool could be drained in 25 seconds.<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">The SSME high-pressure fuel turbopump main shaft rotates at 37,000 rpm compared to about 3,000 rpm for an automobile operating at 60 mph.<br></font>
<li><font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" size="-1">The discharge pressure of an SSME high-pressure fuel turbopump could send a column of liquid hydrogen 36 miles in the air</font> </li></li></li></li></li></li></li></ul>
</div>
<div>------------------</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Ted Moffett<br><br> </div>
<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 1/10/06, <b class="gmail_sendername">Tom Hansen</b> <<a href="mailto:thansen@moscow.com">thansen@moscow.com</a>> wrote:</span>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
<div>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">"Acceleration" as defined by Keith Black (<a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" target="_blank" href="http://www.keithblack.com/">
http://www.keithblack.com</a>)</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">One top fuel dragster 500 cubic inch Hemi engine makes more horsepower</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">than the first 4 rows of stock cars at the Daytona 500.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Under full throttle, a dragster engine consumes 1-1/2 gallons of nitro</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">methane per second; a fully loaded 747 consumes jet fuel at the same</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">rate with 25% less energy being produced.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A stock Dodge Hemi V8 engine cannot produce enough power to drive the</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">dragster's supercharger. With 3,000 CFM of air being rammed in by the</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">supercharger on overdrive, the fuel mixture is compressed into a</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">near-solid form before ignition.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Cylinders run on the verge of hydraulic lock at full throttle.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">At 1.7:1 air/fuel mixture of nitro methane, the flame front</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">temperature measures 7,050 deg F.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nitro methane burns yellow. The spectacular white flame seen above the</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">stacks at night is raw burning hydrogen, dissociated from atmospheric</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">water vapor by the searing exhaust gases.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dual magnetos supply 44 amps to each spark plug. This is the output of</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">an arc welder in each cylinder. Spark plug electrodes are totally</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">consumed during a pass. After halfway, the engine is dieseling from</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">compression, plus the glow of exhaust valves at 1,400 deg F. The engine</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">can only be shut down by cutting the fuel flow.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">If spark momentarily fails early in the run, unburned nitro builds up</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In the affected cylinders and then explodes with sufficient force to blow</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">cylinder heads off the block in pieces or split the block in half.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In order to exceed 3 00 mph in 4.5 seconds, dragsters must accelerate an</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">average of over 4G's. In order to reach 200 mph (well before</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">half-track), the launch acceleration approaches 8G's.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dragsters reach over 300 miles per hour before you have completed</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">reading this sentence. Top fuel engines turn approximately 540</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">revolutions from light to light! Including the burnout, the engine must</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">only survive 900 revolutions under load.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The redline is actually quite high at 9,500 rpm.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Assuming all the equipment is paid off, the crew worked for free, and</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">for once NOTHING BLOWS UP, each run costs an estimate $1,000.00 per</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">second.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The current top fuel dragster elapsed time record is 4.441 seconds for</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">the quarter mile (10/05/03, Tony Schumacher). The top speed record is</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">333.00 mph (533 km/h) as measured over the last 66' of the run</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(09/28/03 Doug Kalitta).</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Putting all of this into perspective, picture this scenario:</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">You are driving the average $140,000 Lingenfelter "twin-turbo" powered</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Corvette Z06. Over a mile up the road, a top fuel dragster is staged</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">and ready to launch down a quarter mile strip as you pass. You have the</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">advantage of a flying start. You run the 'Vette hard up through the</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">gears and blast across the starting line and pass the dragster at an</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">honest 200 mph. The "tree" goes green for both of you at that moment.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The dragster launches and starts after you. You keep your foot down</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">hard, but you hear an incredibly brutal whine that sears your eardrums</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">and within 3 seconds, the dragster catches and passes you. He beats you</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to the finish line, a quarter mile away from where you just passed him.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Think about it, from a standing start, the dragster had spotted you 200</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">mph and not only caught, but nearly blasted you off the road when he</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">passed you within a mere 1,320 foot long race course.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">And that, my friend, is ACCELERATION!</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Take care, Moscow.</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Tom Hansen</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Moscow</span></font><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">, Idaho</span></font><font face="Arial" size="2">
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">"Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, chocolate in one hand, a drink in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming 'WOO HOO. What a ride!'"
</span></font></p>
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