<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><HTML><FONT COLOR="#000080" SIZE=2 PTSIZE=10 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Tahoma" LANG="0"><BR>
Jerry, et. al.<BR>
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Jerry wrote on 10/3/05:<BR>
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While the 10th planet, which actually should be the 9th since Pluto was downgraded, may not have been officially named, it is being referred to as Xena by the astronomical community, and it’s moon is being referred to as Gabrielle.</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" BACK="#ffffff" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 PTSIZE=10 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"><BR>
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Pluto has not been "downgraded." You can call it whatever you want, but the so called "official" body, the International Astronomy Association, that makes so called "official" decisions about naming planets as "planets," released an "official" clarification regarding this mistaken reporting on this issue:<BR>
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<A HREF="http://www.iau.org/IAU/FAQ/PlutoPR.html">http://www.iau.org/IAU/FAQ/PlutoPR.html</A><BR>
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</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" BACK="#ffffff" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 PTSIZE=10 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">The IAU regrets that inaccurate reports appear to have caused widespread public concern, and issues the following corrections and clarifications:<BR>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>1. No proposal to change the status of Pluto as the ninth planet in the solar system has been made by any Division, Commission or Working Group of the IAU responsible for solar system science. Accordingly, no such initiative has been considered by the Officers or Executive Committee, who set the policy of the IAU itself. <BR>
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And now, to celebrate the survival so far of one of my childhood "myths" regarding Pluto as the ninth and farthest most planet from our sun (actually, only part of the time, because Pluto sometimes slips inside the orbit of Neptune, as you can read in the data below), a myth taught by my teachers as though it was the last word on the subject, like a lot of other nonsense I was taught, a myth that may be shattered in part when or if another more remote solar system object is given planet status, here is information about Pluto that no doubt everyone will memorize down to the last detail, including the astonishing revelation that some of this data was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh, 18 Feb., 1930, and, more seriously, the fact that Pluto does have a moon, Charon, when once we were taught Pluto had no moons:<BR>
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<A HREF="http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html</A><BR>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><B>Pluto/Earth Comparison<BR>
<BR>
</B>Bulk parameters<BR>
<BR>
Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth)<BR>
Mass (1024 kg) 0.0125 5.9736 0.0021<BR>
Volume (1010 km3) 0.715 108.321 0.0066<BR>
Equatorial radius (km) 1195 6378.1 0.187<BR>
Polar radius (km) 1195 6356.8 0.188<BR>
Volumetric mean radius (km) 1195 6371.0 0.188 <BR>
Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.0000 0.00335 0.0<BR>
Mean density (kg/m3) 1750 5515 0.317<BR>
Surface gravity (m/s2) 0.58 9.80 0.059<BR>
Surface acceleration (m/s2) 0.58 9.78 0.059<BR>
Escape velocity (km/s) 1.2 11.19 0.107<BR>
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.00083 0.3986 0.0021 <BR>
Bond albedo 0.4 - 0.6 0.306 1.3 - 2.0<BR>
Visual geometric albedo 0.5 - 0.7 0.367 1.4 - 1.9<BR>
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.0 -3.86 -<BR>
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 0.89 1367.6 0.0007<BR>
Black-body temperature (K) ~37.5 254.3 0.147<BR>
Number of natural satellites 1 1<BR>
Planetary ring system No No<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
Orbital parameters<BR>
<BR>
Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth)<BR>
Semimajor axis (106 km) 5906.38 149.60 39.482<BR>
Sidereal orbit period (days) 90,465 365.256 247.68<BR>
Tropical orbit period (days) 90,588 365.242 248.02<BR>
Perihelion (106 km) 4436.82 147.09 30.164 <BR>
Aphelion (106 km) 7375.93 152.10 48.494<BR>
Synodic period (days) 366.73 - -<BR>
Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 4.72 29.78 0.158 <BR>
Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 6.10 30.29 0.201 <BR>
Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 3.71 29.29 0.127 <BR>
Orbit inclination (deg) 17.16 0.000 -<BR>
Orbit eccentricity 0.2488 0.0167 14.899<BR>
Sidereal rotation period (hrs) -153.2928 23.9345 6.405<BR>
Length of day (hrs) 153.2820 24.0000 6.387<BR>
Obliquity to orbit (deg) 122.53 23.45 (2.451)<BR>
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<BR>
Pluto Observational Parameters<BR>
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Discoverer: Clyde Tombaugh<BR>
Discovery Date: 18 February 1930<BR>
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Distance from Earth<BR>
Minimum (106 km) 4284.7<BR>
Maximum (106 km) 7528.0<BR>
Apparent diameter from Earth<BR>
Maximum (seconds of arc) 0.11<BR>
Minimum (seconds of arc) 0.06<BR>
Mean values at opposition from Earth<BR>
Distance from Earth (106 km) 5750.54 <BR>
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 0.08<BR>
Apparent visual magnitude 15.1 <BR>
Maximum apparent visual magnitude 13.65<BR>
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<BR>
Pluto Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)<BR>
<BR>
Semimajor axis (AU) 39.48168677 <BR>
Orbital eccentricity 0.24880766 <BR>
Orbital inclination (deg) 17.14175 <BR>
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 110.30347 <BR>
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 224.06676 <BR>
Mean longitude (deg) 238.92881<BR>
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On 11 February 1999 at 11:22 UT (6:22 a.m. EST), Pluto passed Neptune as the <BR>
furthest planet from the Sun once again and will remain so until 5 April 2231.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
North Pole of Rotation<BR>
<BR>
Right Ascension: 313.02<BR>
Declination : 9.09<BR>
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)<BR>
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Pluto Atmosphere<BR>
<BR>
Surface Pressure: ~3 microbar<BR>
Average temperature: ~50 K (-223 C)<BR>
Scale height: ~60 km<BR>
Mean molecular weight: ~16-25 g/mole<BR>
Atmospheric composition: Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2)<BR>
</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" BACK="#ffffff" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=5 PTSIZE=16 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"><BR>
</FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000" BACK="#ffffff" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 PTSIZE=10 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"><B>Charon<BR>
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</B>Mean distance from Pluto (km) 19,600 <BR>
Sidereal orbit period (days) 6.38725 <BR>
Sidereal rotation period (days) 6.38725 <BR>
Orbital inclination to Pluto (deg) 0.0 <BR>
Orbital eccentricity 0.0<BR>
Equatorial radius (km) 593 <BR>
Mass (1021 kg) 1.62 <BR>
Mean density (kg/m3) 1850<BR>
Surface gravity (m/s2) 0.31<BR>
Escape velocity (km/s) 0.60 <BR>
Geometric albedo 0.38<BR>
Apparent visual magnitude 16.8<BR>
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Vision2020 Post by Ted Moffett<BR>
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