Donovan --<br>
<br>
Faith cannot be studied objectively (though, of course, you can ask
what people believe), but texts -- all texts -- most certainly can. The
Talmud, the core of Jewish theology, is itself the first systematic
study of Hebrew scripture. However, it takes a rather different
approach to its study than modern researchers.<br>
<br>
Researchers with no interest in applying the Law have no interest in
producing a comprehensive "theory of G-d." The G-d expressed in
scripture can be nonsensical or nonexistent; it doesn't particularly
matter to them, because they aren't starting from the presuppositions
that the God of the Tanakh is good or just. In terms R. Hillel
would understand, they're looking for 'p'shat': the plain meaning of
the text. Karaiite theology is as deadly boring and illogical as it is
unjust. So is Calvinism. Ralph is a researcher, not a Jew. He doesn't
have any stake of producing a Biblical cosmology that makes a whit of
sense, because he doesn't intend to apply it to the real world.<br>
<br>
Theoretically, I believe Ralph's correct: this is what most of the
Tanakh -- and I don't believe its authors consistently believed the
same thing -- says. Except for Elijah and Enoch.<br>
<br>
When you are producing a theory of G-d -- which is not expressed in the
Tanakh, which lacks a figure like Paul, a theologian posing as a
prophet -- you have to consider other factors, like 'what makes sense',
'what works', and 'what general ethical laws from outside the text can
be brought into play'. Did modern Jews, or even the authors of the
Talmud, believe that it was just to sell your daughter into slavery?
For many of them, of course not. To keep stupid, legalistic
interpretations from coming into play, you must bring logic to the
text; you must start from the presupposition that the Law is just, G-d
is consistent, and G-d is good. To do this, later Jewish authors
brought remez (condensing a principle from several statements), d'rash
(assuming that God is intending to make sense), and sud (creating a
mystical interpretation for texts that seem to be incosistent with the
Law.) These produce a much richer, much more logical theology.<br>
<br>
If G-d existds, and G-d is just, then this interpretation is true and Phil is correct.<br>
<br>
It all depends on the assuptions you start from and the interpretive tools you're willing to use.<br>
<br>
-- ACS<br>